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Theology Paper 3 > Virtue Ethics > Flashcards

Virtue Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Teleology

A

An ethic that gets what is good from the end that is achieved

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2
Q

Deontology

A

An ethic that uses rules that clarify that which is right and that which is wrong

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3
Q

What did Aristotle see as the aim of everything?

A

Eudaimonia (most closely translates as ‘flourishing’)

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4
Q

What are the 2 kinds of flourishing that we need to have?

A

We must have flourishing on both an individual and community scale

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5
Q

3 types of pleasure (decreasing order in value)

A

1) those who love contemplation (e.g. philosophers)
2) those who love honour (e.g. soldiers)
3) those whoo love pleasures (e.g. food and sex)

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6
Q

Tripartite Soul

A

1) Rational Soul (wisdom and calculation)
2) Perceptive Soul (pain, pleasure, desire)
3) Nutritive Soul (growth and metabolism)

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7
Q

What separates humans from animals?

A

Animals do not have the kind of yearning to develop their reason that humans do

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8
Q

How can you develop practical wisdom?

A

It is acquired through repetition and practice, until the virtue becomes habitual

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9
Q

Moral Virtues

A

This is the virtue whereby we develop good character through habit and the emulation of moral exemplars

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10
Q

Analogy of the Archer

A

A virtuous agent forms and exercises his virtue, just as an archer develops and exercises his archery

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11
Q

5 Prime Virtues

A

1) Prudence (practical wisdom)
2) Intuitive intelligence
3) Wisdom (theoretical wisdom)
4) Scientific knowledge
5) Technical skill

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12
Q

VE is a X ethic not a Y ethic

A

Agent centred, not action based

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13
Q

2 kinds of aims

A

Superior and Subordinate

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14
Q

Superior aims

A

Our final goals

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15
Q

Subordinate aims

A

What we must accomplish to achieve our Superior aims

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16
Q

Prime virtues are innate but they can be cultivated through what?

A

Through virtue

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17
Q

4 Secondary virtues

A

1) Resourcefulness
2) Understanding
3) Judgement
4) Cleverness

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18
Q

Vice of excess

A

Having too much of a virtue

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19
Q

Vice of deficiency

A

Having too little of a virtue

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20
Q

Golden Mean

A

The perfect point between excess and deficiency. this is dependent on the situation at hand.
Finding this can be aided by role models

21
Q

How does one find the Golden Mean?

A

Using phronesis (practical wisdom)

22
Q

Anscombe’s development

A

We should pursue virtue ethics because traditional deontological ethics have failed

23
Q

MacIntyre’s development

A
  • Said that virtues clarify over time and are relative to culture (in response to VE being seen as too general)
  • Our telos is synonymous with that of the community so VE cannot support immoral acts
  • Virtues provide meaning to our life in a post-enlightenment world
24
Q

Foot’s development

A
  • Narrows the definition of ‘virtue’ to ‘excellence of will’ so VE cannot support immoral actions as well as ensuring self-development as a motive for action
  • WE should seek virtues for moral development because virtues act as ‘correctives’ to vice
25
Q

Slote’s development

A
  • Motive is important as well as action. Thus, immoral actions cannot be defended by VE
26
Q

Hursthouse’s development

A

VE isn’t hard to apply. It is about cultural development and so there cannot be any fixed answers

27
Q

Is life sacred?

A

Yes

Life is an opportunity to experience human flourishing

28
Q

When does life begin?

A

When rationality is detected.

This could be attributed to the presence of the soul at the quickening

29
Q

Does a woman have the right to self-determination?

A

No

The purpose of reproduction is to conceive. To go against this would be an error

30
Q

Whose rights must be considered?

A

Everyone’s rights

Based on the community-focused nature of VE

31
Q

Why is abortion wrong?

A

You are denying to opportunity for thee flourishing of a new life

32
Q

Abortion if the mother is in danger

A

Yes

It is the most virtuous thing to do to save lives

33
Q

Abortion if the baby will be disabled

A

No

It is the chance for the parents to develop new virtues

34
Q

Quality of Life or Sanctity of life?

A

There is a strong focus on quality of life as there is a focus on communal flourishing

35
Q

What was the aim of war?

A

To establish lasting peace

36
Q

What did Aristotle feel about war?

A

It was a necessary evil.

In classical Greece, war was seen as a duty

37
Q

Modern virtue ethicists like MacIntyre, Slote and Foot would have agreed with what aspect of JWT?

A

The idea of right intention

38
Q

What cardinal virtue is needed in war?

A

Courage
Justice
Prudence

39
Q

What is war an opportunity for soldiers to do?

A

showcase courage and justice (e.g. justice was not shown at Abu Ghraib)

40
Q

What does MacIntyre ask we do before judging what actions are appropriate in war?

A

Consider the political and societal context

41
Q

What does MacIntyre criticise about finding a role model?

A

we are falling into emotivism. We may never find a truly moral role model

42
Q

What are the 2 types of moneymaking

A

Oecinomomicus

Chrematisike

43
Q

Oecinomomicus

A

household training which its small scale and just above subsistence level

44
Q

Chrematiskike

A

trade for profit

45
Q

What was Aristotle’s view of Chrematisike?

A

It was devoid of profit

46
Q

What is a good manager?

A

One who is driven by the values of honesty, integrity and generosity

47
Q

What is more important, employees/co-workers or profit?

A

employees/co-workers

By treating your staff better, you will reap the rewards financially

48
Q

Who are the 3 non-virtuous characters MacIntyre argues?

A

Manager (ruthless in achieving goals)
Rich Aesthete (indulge in luxury until they are bored)
therapist (relieves the frustration of the manager and rich aesthete)

49
Q

Why should we protect the environment

A

The good of the community is more important than the good of the individual

Theology Paper 3 (7 decks)

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