Virtualization & Cloud Flashcards
What is a hypervisor?
Software used to manage and allocate hardware resources to each VM
What is a type 1 hypervisor?
A hypervisor that runs directly on top of the hardware. AKA bare-metal hypervisor
E.G. VMware ESXi, Proxmox
What is a type 2 hypervisor?
A hypervisor that runs as a program on an operating system like a regular computer program. AKA hosted hypervisor
E.G. VMware workstation, Oracle VirtualBox
Type 2 Hypervisor: The OS running directly on the hardware is called the _____ and the OS running in a VM is called the ______
Host OS, Guest OS
What are the primary reasons for using virtualization?
- Partitioning: Divide system resources and run multiple OS on one machine
- Isolation: Provide fault and security isolation at the hardware level
- Encapsulation: Save entire state of a virtual machine to files, move and copy VMs easily
- Hardware independence: Provision or migrate any VM to any physical server
VMs are connected to each other and the external network via:
Virtual switch. Can use VLANs and trunks just like regular L2 switches.
How do virtual switches connect to the physical network?
A trunk to the machine’s NICs
For redundancy, how can we form a port channel between that goes to two separate physical switches?
VPC, virtual port channel
Describe Colocation:
Data centers rent out space for customers to place infrastructure. Datacenters provide space, electricity, cooling, and physical security. Equipment is still the responsibility of the owner but they are not on-prem
Define cloud computing:
A model for enabling on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
What are the 5 essential characteristics of the cloud?
- On-demand self-service
- Broad network access
- Resource pooling
- Rapid elasticity
- Measured service
Describe cloud “on-demand self-service”
Customer is able to start/stop/modify the service freely without direct communication with the service provider
Describe cloud “broad network access”
Service is available through standard network connections and can be accessed through many kinds of devices
Describe cloud “resource pooling”
A pool of resources is provided by the service provides, and when a customer requests a service, the resources to fulfill that request are allocated from the shared pool
Describe cloud “rapid elasticity”
Customers can quickly expand the services they use in the cloud from a pool of resources that appears to be infinite. Likewise, services can be quickly reduced when not needed
Define cloud “measured service”
Cloud service providers measures the customer’s usage of cloud resources, and the customer can measure their own use as well. Customers are charged based on usage
What are the three service models of the cloud?
- Software as a Service
- Platform as a Service
- Infrastructure as a Service
Microsoft Office 365 would be classified as a:
a) SaaS
b) PaaS
c) IaaS
a) SaaS
Microsoft manages almost everything about O365, including network, servers, OS, storage, and application capabilities
PaaS provides what capability to the consumer?
Capability to deploy consumer created/bought applications onto cloud infrastructure
eg AWS Lambsa, Google App Engine, Azure webapp hosting
IaaS provides what capability to the consumer?
Capability to provision CPU, storage, networks, and other fundamental compute resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run any software, including OS and applications.
eg AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine
What are the four deployment models of the Cloud?
- Private cloud
- Community cloud
- Public cloud
- Hybrid cloud
Describe the private cloud model
Cloud infrastructure provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization. Can be owned, managed, and operated by and/or the organization or a third party. Can be on or off prem
ex. AWS provides private cloud to the DoD
Describe the community cloud model
Cloud infrastructure provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers what shared concerns (mission, security, etc.).
Least common model
Describe the public cloud model
Cloud infrastructure provisioned for open use by the general public. Exists on prem of the cloud provider.
ex AWS, Azure
Describe the hybrid cloud model
Any combination of other three deployment types.
ex a private cloud that can offload to a public cloud when resources demand so
Which statement about virtual machines is true?
a) The hypervisor is used to manage and allocate hardware resources to VMs
b) Type 1 hypervisors run on a host OS
c) Type 2 hypervisors run directly on top of the hardware
d) Only a single VM can exist per physical server
a) The hypervisor is used to manage and allocate hardware resources to VMs
Which of the following hypervisor types is known as a native hypervisor?
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
a) Type 1
Which of the following is not an essential characteristic of cloud computing?
a) Measured service
b) Resource pooling
c) Rapid elasticity
d) Infinite resource pool
e) Broad network access
d) Infinite resource pool
Which of the following cloud service types allows customers to use applications running on the provider’s cloud infrastructure?
a) IaaS
b) PaaS
c) SaaS
c) SaaS
Which of the following cloud deployment types may exist off-prem?
a) Public cloud
b) Private cloud
c) Community cloud
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Cloud is generally off-prem, but all, especially private, can be on-prem
Which of the following examples best describes the SaaS model?
a) A company obstains a subscription to use a service provider’s infrastructure, programming tools, and programming languages to develop and serve cloud-based applications
b) A company licenses an office suite, including email service, that is delivered to the end user through a web browser
c) A company hires a service provider to deliver cloud-based processing and storage that will house multiple virtual hosts configured in a variety of ways
d) A company moves all company-wide policy documents to an Internet-based virtual file system hosted by a service provider
B
Define container
Containers are software packages that contain an App and all dependencies
Containers run on a _______
Container Engine
Software for automating the deployment, management, and scaling of containers is called a:
Container orchestrator
Kubernetes is an example
What is the major difference between VMs and containers?
Every VM runs its own OS, while containers all run on top of a shared OS
T/F: Containers are much more agile than VMs
T
T/F: Containers take up much less space than VMs
T
T/F: Containers are much less agile than VMs
F
T/F: Containers take up much more space than VMs
F
T/F: Containers are less isolated than VMs since they have a shared OS
T
T/F: Containers are more isolated than VMs since they don’t share an OS
F
Containers have a shared OS
What are the three components that containers run on top of?
Container Engine
OS
Hardware
Which of the following are examples of container orchestrators? pick 2
a) Docker Engine
b) Docker Swarm
c) Kubernetes
d) Hyper-V
B and C
Which of the following statements about VMs and containers are true? Pick 3
a) VMs require more resources
b) Containers take more time to boot
c) VMs are more isolated
d) An OS runs in each container
e) Containers are often tens of gigabytes in size
f) Containers all run on a host OS
A, C, F
