Network Automation & Intro to SDN Flashcards
What are some benefits of network automation?
- Human error is reduces
- Scalability
- Troubleshooting made easier
- Network-wide policy compliance ensured
- Operating expense reduced by reducing required man-hours for tasks
The various functions of network devices can be logically divided up into 3 planes:
- Data plane
- Control plane
- Management plane
NAT is part of the ____ plane
Data plane
Switch 802.1q VLAN tagging is part of the _____ plane
Data plane
A router forwarding a message along the best path is part of the _____ plane
Data plane
All tasks involved in forwarding user data/traffic from one interface to another are part of the _____ plane
Data plane
Functions that influence the data plane are a part of the ____ plane
Control plane
OSPF is part of the _____ plane
Control plane
STP is part of the ____ plane
Control plane
In traditional networking, the data plane and the control plane are both ______
Distributed.
Each device has its own data plane and its own control plane
Explain why in traditional networking, the data plane and the control plane are both distributed.
Each device has its own control and data plane. They are ‘distributed’ throughout the network. Each device has its own ARP table, etc..
Protocols that are used to manage devices are part of the ______ plane
Management plane
Syslog is part of the _____ plane
Management plane
SNMP is part of the _____ plane
Management plane
NTP is part of the _____ plane
Management plane
Instead of a CPU, the data plane is typically managed by a _______
ASIC
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
Why is data plane traffic generally handled by ASICs now?
ASICs are specifically designed for lookup and forwarding operations, so they are faster than a general purpose device CPU
SDN is an approach to networking that centralizes the ____ plane into an application called a ______
control plane, controller
SDN can also be called ____ or _____
Software-Defined Architecture, Controller-Based Networking
T/F: How much the control plane is centralized can vary greatly depending upon implementation
T
Communication from the SDN controller to the network devices is done via the _____
Southbound Interface (SBI)
NETCONF is an example of a ____
SBI (Southbound Interface)
Admin interaction with the controller is done via the _____
Northbound Interface (NBI)
The ____ allows network admins to interact with the controller, access data it gathers about the network, program it, and make changed in the network
NBI
The NBI allows what?
network admins to interact with the controller, access data it gathers about the network, program it, and make changed in the network
The SBI allows what?
The controller to interact with the network devices that it manages the control plane of
A _____ is used on the controller as an interface for apps to interact with it
REST API
What does REST stand for (REST API)?
Representational State Transfer
When an app interacts with an SDN controller, it receives data in a ______
A structured format such as JSON or XML
T/F: Networking tasks can be automated in traditional network architectures in addition to software defined networking
T
T/F: Networking tasks can’t be automated in traditional network architectures due to outdated software
F
SDN controllers just make automation easier, but doing automation in a traditional network is quite possible
Which of the following are SBIs?
a) REST
b) NETCONF
c) OpenFlow
d) OpFlex
b) NETCONF
c) OpenFlow
d) OpFlex
Which of the following network functions would you expect to be centralized in SDN?
a) Calculating routes
b) Forwarding packets
c) Translating source IP addresses of packets
d) Denying packets via an ACL
a) Calculating routes
What is the purpose of the SBI in SDN architecture?
a) To facilitate data exchange between users
b) To facilitate data exchange between the controller and apps
c) To facilitate data exchange between the controller and network devices
d) To facilitate data exchange between controllers
c) To facilitate data exchange between the controller and network devices
Which of the logical planes of networking does NTP’s function fit in?
a) Control plane
b) Management plane
c) Data plane
d) Forwarding plane
b) Management plane
JSON, XML, and YAML are all ____ languages
Data Serialization
Data serialization is the process of:
Converting data into a standardized format that can be reconstructed later. Allows data to be communicated between applications in a way both applications understand
JSON is standardized in RFC ____
RFC 8259
A JSON object is also sometimes called a:
Dictionary
What is the general format of XML
<key>value</key>
Ansible uses the data serialization language ______
YAML
YAML is used in the network automation tool _____
Ansible
Is whitespace significant in YAML?
Yes
YAML files start with:
YAML lists are indicated by:
-
YAML key value pairs are represented as:
key:value
In which of the following data serialization languages is white space significant?
a) JSON
b) YAML
c) XML
d) All of the above
b) YAML
Which of the following data serialization languages formats key-value pairs like this?
<key>value</key>
a) JSON
b) YAML
c) XML
d) All of the above
c) XML
Which of the following is not a valid JSON data type?
a) Object
b) String
c) Number
d) Boolean
e) Key
f) Array
g) Null
e) Key
Examine the JSON-formatted data. Which of the following statements is true?
~~~
{
“interface”: “GigabitEthernet1/1”,
“is_up”: true,
“ipaddress”: “192.168.1.1”,
“netmask”: “255.255.255.0”,
“speed”: 1000,
}
~~~
a) It is valid JSON data
b) A curly bracket is missing
c) There are too many commas
d) There are too many colons
c) There are too many commas
The last entry in the object doesn’t need a comma
