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CCNA > IPv6 > Flashcards

IPv6 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

A

128

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2
Q

IPv6 address are 128 bits represented in ___ groups of ___ hex characters

A

8 groups of 4 hex characters

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3
Q

T/F: IPv6 addresses don’t use slash (CIDR) notation for denoting prefix length

A

F

IPv6 only uses slash notation for prefix length, no more subnet masks

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4
Q

T/F: IPv6 addresses do not use a subnet mask (dotted decimal) whatsoever

A

T

IPv6 uses slash notation only

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5
Q

T/F: Leading zeroes can be removed from each group of 4 hex digits in an IPv6 address

A

T

Ex: …:001B:… can be shortened to :1B:

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6
Q

T/F: Any quartet of all 0’s can be shortened with ::

A

F

This can only be done once per address.

For example ->
2001:0DB8::80:34BD is valid, while
2001::BA::34BD is not valid

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7
Q

Why can’t we shorten consecutive quartets of IPv6 addresses more than once in an IPv6 address?

A

We wouldn’t know where in the address the bits in between the consecutive quartets lies

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8
Q

What is the typical prefix length for an IPv6 block requested by an enterprise from an ISP

A

/48

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9
Q

What is the typical subnet prefix length for IPv6

A

/64

Therefore, an enterprise has 16 bits to use to make subnets with

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10
Q

T/F: Link-Local addresses must be manually added to a router interface

A

F

They are automatically added when you configure a router interface with an IPv6 address

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11
Q

T/F: Link-Local addresses are automatically added to a router interface when it is assigned an IPv6 address

A

T

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12
Q

What is the command to enable IPv6 routing on a Cisco router

A

ipv6 unicast-routing

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13
Q

What is the command to assign an IPv6 address to an interface on a Cisco router

A

ipv6 address [ipv6]

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14
Q

What is the command to view IPv6 interface configurations

A

sh ipv6 interface brief

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15
Q

What is EUI-64

A

Extended Unique Identifier (technically Modified EUI in IPv6)

A method of converting a 48 bit MAC address into a 64-bit interface identifier, which can then become the host portion of a /64 IPv6 address

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16
Q

What are the steps to convert a MAC address to a /64 IPv6 host portion

A

1) Divide the MAC address in half
1234 5678 90AB -> 1234 56 | 78 90AB

2) Insert FFFE in the middle
1234 56FF FE78 90AB

3) Invert the 7th bit
1034 56FF FE78 90AB

4) Add the result to a network prefix to make a complete IPv6 address

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17
Q

Why do we invert the 7th bit of a MAC in EUI-64

A

MACs can be either universally assigned or locally assigned. The 7th bit of a mac address determines this. In the context of IPv6 addresses, the meaning of the bit is inverted from a MAC, so we change it to match IPv6/EUI-64

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18
Q

T/F: Global Unicast addresses are globally unique and must be assigned by an internet authority

A

T

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19
Q

What is the IPv6 global unicast address range

A

All addresses which aren’t reserved for other purposes

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20
Q

What is a unique local address

A

A private address for use within a LAN, cannot be used over the internet

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21
Q

T/F: Unique local addresses must be registered with an internet authority

A

F

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22
Q

What is the unique local address block

A

FC00:: /7

However, the 8th bit has to be set to 1, so the first two digits must be FD

FD00:: /7

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23
Q

What is the FC00:: /7 block designated for

A

Unique local addresses. However, since the 8th bit must be set, it will really always be FD00:: /7

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24
Q

T/F: The 40-bit ‘global ID’ for a unique local address should be incrementally assigned, so that if two companies merge networks, they won’t have conflicts

A

F

The 40-bit ‘global ID’ after the FD should be randomly generated to prevent merge conflicts, since its extremely unlikely that they will have overlapping addresses

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25
Q

What is a link-local address?

A

An address than is used for communication within a single link (subnet)

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26
Q

T/F: You can use the command ipv6 enable on an interface to enable IPv6 on an interface, and both a link local and unique local address will be generated for it

A

F

Only a link local address will be generated for the interface

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27
Q

T/F: You can use the command ipv6 enable on an interface to enable IPv6 on an interface, and only a link local address will be generated and assigned to the interface

A

T

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28
Q

What is the link local address block

A

FE8:: /10

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29
Q

What are some common uses for link local addresses?

A
  • Routing protocol peerings (OSPFv3)
  • Next-hop addresses for static routes
  • Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP, IPv6’s replacement for ARP)
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30
Q

What are the types of IPv6 address?

A

1) Global Unicast
2) Link Local
3) Multicast
4) Anycast

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31
Q

T/F: Multicast addresses are used for one-to-many communication. AKA from one source to multiple destinations that have joined a specific multicast group

A

T

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32
Q

T/F: IPv6 doesn’t use broadcast addresses

A

T

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33
Q

T/F: For a one-to-all message, IPv6 sends it to a specific multicast address, not a strictly broadcast address

A

T

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34
Q

What is the IPv6 address for all nodes communication

A

FF02::1

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35
Q

What is the FF02::1 address reserved for?

A

All nodes communication

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36
Q

List the IPv6 multicast address scopes

A

1) Interface Local
2) Link Local
3) Site Local (beyond CCNA)
4) Organization Local (beyond CCNA)
5) Global (beyond CCNA)

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37
Q

T/F: Anycast messaging is a new feature of IPv6 and has no IPv4 direct equivalent

A

T

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38
Q

Anycast messages are defined as ____ to ______

A

one to one of many

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39
Q

Anycast messages have _____ possible destinations, and traffic is sent to _________

A

multiple, only one

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40
Q

T/F: Anycast messages fall within the FE8:: /10 address block

A

F

Anycast messages have no specific range. Regular unicast addresses may be used

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41
Q

T/F: Anycast messages do not have an assigned block of addresses that must be used

A

T

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42
Q

What is the command to assign an anycast address to an interface on Cisco devices?

A

ipv6 address [ip address] anycast

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43
Q

What does the IP address :: mean

A

The unspecified address

Equivalent to 0.0.0.0, generally used when a device doesn’t know its IPv6 address yet. IPv6 default routes are also configured to ::/0

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44
Q

What is the IPv6 loopback address

A

::1

45
Q

What is the IPv6 address ::1

A

Loopback

46
Q

T/F: Per RFC 5952, leading 0’s in a hex quartet MUST be shortened

A

T

47
Q

T/F: Per RFC 5952, the use of the :: abbreviation MUST be used to its maximum capability

A

T

However, a :: cannot replace a single field of all 0’s. Instead, use a single 0

2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1 is correct, but

2001:db8::1:1:1:1:1 is incorrect

48
Q

T/F: Per RFC 5952, you may use a :: to replace a single quartet of all 0’s

A

F

Per RFC 5952, you must replace this with a single 0

49
Q

T/F: Per RFC 5952, if there are more than 1 groups of simultaneous all 0 quartets, you must use :: to replace the smallest

A

F

You have to replace the largest of the all zero quartets. IE:

2001:0:0:1:0:0:0:1 -> 2001:0:0:1::1

If they are equal in size, choose the first sequence

2001:0:0:1:0:0:1:1 -> 2001::1:0:0:1:1

50
Q

T/F: Per RFC 5952, regardless of the size of the all zero quartet groupings, you replace the first with ::

A

F

The largest should be replaced with ::, however if they are of equal size, then the first should be replaced

EX:

2001:0:0:1:0:0:0:1 -> 2001:0:0:1::1

If they are equal in size, choose the first sequence

2001:0:0:1:0:0:1:1 -> 2001::1:0:0:1:1

51
Q

T/F: Per RFC 5952, hex characters in IPv6 addresses MUST be represented in lower case

A

T

All hex chars should be lower case

52
Q

The IPv6 header is ____ bits long

A

288

53
Q

T/F: The IPv6 header is a fixed length

A

T

54
Q

T/F: The IPv6 header is variable length

A

F

The IPv6 header is fixed length

55
Q

The IPv6 header is ____ bytes long

A

40

56
Q

The version field of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

4

57
Q

The version field of the IPv6 header is always set to:

A

6 (0100)

58
Q

The traffic class field of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

8

59
Q

The traffic class field of the IPv6 header is used for:

A

QoS and traffic prioritization

60
Q

The flow label field of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

20

61
Q

The flow label field of the IPv6 header is used for:

A

Identifying specific traffic flows (comms between a specific source and a destination)

62
Q

The payload length field of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

16

63
Q

The payload length field of the IPv6 header is used for:

A

Indicating the length of the L4 segment encapsulated by the packet

This does not include the length of the IPv6 header

64
Q

T/F: The length of the IPv6 header is included in the payload length

A

F

Since the header is a fixed size it isn’t included in the payload length field

65
Q

The next header field of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

8

66
Q

The next header field of the IPv6 header is used for:

A

Indicating the type of the header of the encapsulated L4 segment, for example, TCP or UDP

67
Q

The hop limit field of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

8

68
Q

The source and destination fields of the IPv6 header is ___ bits long

A

128 bits each

69
Q

An IPv6 solicited node multicast address is calculated from a fixed prefix plus

A

The last 6 hex digits of the unicast address that the solicited node address is being generated form

70
Q

What is the fixed prefix for calculating a solicited node multicast address

A

ff02::1:ff

71
Q

ARP is replaced by ___ in IPv6

A

NDP

72
Q

NDP uses the _____ protocol to learn the MAC address of other hosts

A

ICMPv6

73
Q

What are the two message types of NDP

A

1) Neighbor Solicitation (NS) = ICMPv6 Type 135
2) Neighbor Advertisement (NA) = ICMPv6 Type 136

74
Q

NDP Neighbor Solicitation messages use ___

A

ICMPv6 Type 135

75
Q

NDP Neighbor Advertisement messages use ___

A

ICMPv6 Type 136

76
Q

In an NDP NS message, the destination MAC address is:

A

A solicited node multicast MAC address

77
Q

In an NDP NS message, the destination IPv6 address is:

A

The destination’s solicited-node multicast address

78
Q

Explain the big difference between an ARP request message and an NDP NS message

A

An ARP request message is broadcast, and an NDP NS message is multicast. Therefore, the NDP NS message is more efficient.

79
Q

The IPv6 equivalent of an ARP table is called a:

A

Neighbor table

80
Q

What is the command to view an IPv6 neighbor table on a Cisco device

A

sh ipv6 neighbor

81
Q

T/F: NDP also provides a facility for automatically discovering routers on the LAN

A

T

82
Q

What are the two message types used by NDP’s router discovery functionality

A

1) Router solicitation (RS)
2) Router advertisement (RA)

83
Q

NDP RS messages use:

A

ICMPv6 type 133

84
Q

NDP RA messages use:

A

ICMPv6 type 134

85
Q

NDP RS messages are sent to multicast address:

A

FF02::2 (all routers)

86
Q

NDP RA messages are sent to multicast address:

A

FF02::1 (all nodes)

87
Q

T/F: NDP RA messages are sent in response to RS messages, but are also periodically sent by a router without having first received an RA message

A

T

Much like gratuitous ARP

88
Q

T/F: NDP RA messages are only sent in response to RS messages

A

F

RA messages are sent periodically, even if an RS message isn’t received

89
Q

SLAAC stands for:

A

Stateless Address Auto-configuration

90
Q

What is the purpose of SLAAC

A

Automatically determining a unique and routable IPv6 address for a host

91
Q

T/F: Both SLAAC and DHCPv6 can be used simultaneously

A

T

92
Q

T/F: SLAAC and DHCPv6 are not able to be used simultaneously

A

F

SLAAC and DHCPv6 can be used together

93
Q

Name a benefit of SLAAC use

A

Minimal configuration is required on hosts, minimal config on a router (if it exists), and no additional servers

94
Q

Describe how SLAAC generates an IPv6 address

A

1) Host sends RS/RA messages to learn the IPv6 prefix of the local link (ie 2001:db8::/64)

2) Host generates an interface identifier that uniquely identifies an interface on a subnet, either by using EUI-64 or random generation, depending on the device/maker

3) An IPv6 address is formed by combining the two

3a) If there are no routers on the net, SLAAC can only generate a link-local address

95
Q

DAD stands for:

A

Duplicate Address Detection

96
Q

T/F: Anytime an IPv6 enabled interface initializes, or an IPv6 address is configured on an interface, it performs DAD

A

T

97
Q

T/F: DAD is only performed when an IPv6 device is manually configured

A

F

DAD is performed anytime an IPv6 enabled interface initializes, or an IPv6 address is configured on an interface

98
Q

DAD uses these two message types:

A

NS and NA

99
Q

Describe how DAD works

A

1) Host sends an NS to its own IPv6 address

2) If no reply is received, the device knows the address is unique
2a) If a reply is received, then the device knows another host on the net is using the address

100
Q

T/F: IPv6 routing works the same as IPv4 routing

A

T

101
Q

T/F: IPv6 routing works differently than IPv4 routing

A

F

102
Q

T/F: IPv6 routes are stored in the same routing table as IPv4 addresses

A

F

103
Q

T/F: IPv6 addresses are maintained in a different routing table than IPv6 addresses

A

T

104
Q

T/F: Routes for IPv6 link local addresses are added to the routing table

A

F

Link-local address routes are not added to the routing table

105
Q

T/F: Routes for IPv6 link local addresses aren’t added to the routing table

A

T

106
Q

What is the command for adding an IPv6 static route to a Cisco router

A

ipv6 route destination/prefix-length {next-hop | exit-interface [next-hop]} [ad]

107
Q

T/F: In IPv6, you can’t use directly attached static routes if the interface is an Ethernet interface

A

T

108
Q

T/F: In IPv6, you can only use a recursive or fully specified static route

A

T

109
Q

T/F: To use a link-local address for a next hop, you have to enter a fully configured static route

A

T

CCNA (38 decks)

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