virology week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
explain viral cytopathic effect
A
when you look at a viral culture and it’s something distinct about it for instanece a a halo aorund the nucleous ;
2
Q
what’ a koilocyte
A
characteristic of infection; enlarged keratinocytes : clear halos and shrunken nucleus (rasinoid) part of paillomaviruses
3
Q
how does E6 protein of HPV affect a cell?
A
binds to p53
4
Q
in HPV function of E1
A
promotes cell growth
5
Q
in HPV function of e7
A
binds pRB
6
Q
which HPV cause ccondylomata acuminata
A
6,11,30,42,43,44,45,51,52,54
anogenital warts
7
Q
which HPV with angogenital warts
A
external genitalia/perianal areas
8
Q
types of HPV that casue bowenoid papulosis
A
16,18,34,39,42,45
9
Q
types of HPV that cause bowen disease
A
16,18,31,34
10
Q
what cells would an adenovirus infect
A
in lytic -myoepithelial, in latent-lymphoid and adenoid
11
Q
what clinical conditions are casued by adenovirus in children
A
children affected: acute febrile pharyngitis; pharyngoconjunctival fever, acute respiratory tract disease, conjunctivities, gastroenteritis adn diarrhea
12
Q
which HSV causes genital lesions
A
HSV 2
13
Q
which HSV casues perioral lesions
A
HSV 1
14
Q
whic HSV localized in trigeminal ganglion
A
HSV 1
15
Q
which HSV is localized in sacral ganglion
A
HSV2
16
Q
what infective agent is associated with tzank cell
A
multinucleatead cell with inclusions (HSV!)
17
Q
what body fluids contain HSV
A
saliva
18
Q
what cell is responsible for teh transfer of VZV to skin
A
epithelial (t cells infected then transfer to epithelial )
19
Q
infectious route to VZV
A
tonsils –> respiratory track mucosa –> bloodstream –> lymphatics –> RES
20
Q
where are cowdry A bodies seen and what infection are they associated with ?
A
VZV and intranuclear (and maybe herpes too!
21
Q
what are b cells referred to when infected by EBV
A
downe cells or atypical atypical lymphocytes *may get splenomegaly
22
Q
what lymphoproliferative disease is caused by EBV
A
burkitts lymphoma
23
Q
what contagious skin condition is caused by proxovirus
A
molluscum contagiosum
24
Q
common viral infectious syndromes
A
bronchiolitis, influenza, pneumonia, conkunctivites, vesicular rash, genital infection, menningitis, encephalitis, enteritis
25
different laboratory methods for diagnosis of viral infections
viral culture , cytopathic-cytoproliferative reaction, viral sereology, antigen and molecular detection
26
viral culture types
labortaory method for diagnosis: 2 types: viral replicatin in tube monolayes or CPE
27
Diploid cell lines
human gibroblst
28
heteroploid cell lines
hep2(laryngeal CA; HelA (cervical CA
29
cytopathic-cytoproliferative reaction characteristics
cell necrosis, cellular proliferation, inclusion bodies (herpesvirus/adenovirus), polyakrons (multinucleated cells);
30
antigen and molecular detection
type of lab diagnosis; dame day turn around; direct fluroescent antibody ; ELISA; PCR
31
ELISA
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
32
Viral sereology
allow diagnosis of recent infection determination of immunity
33
types of DNA viruses that we discuessed
human herpes virus 6,7,8; papillomirvus, adenovirus, varicella zostervirus, ebstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, poxvirus , parovirus
34
papillomaviruses
human papilloma virus (HPV) -warts or cervical and oropharyngeal CA
35
polyomavirus
ubiquitous (usually does not cause disease), BK virus, renal disease
36
JC virus
type of polymovirus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)**occurs in immunocompromised patients
37
encodes late genes in HPV
structural proteins
38
HPV structure and replication
basal cells access through disturbed epithelium (sexual intercouse and minor skin abrasions; virus stimulates cell growth; virus matures and dshes in dead keatinized layer
39
pathogenesis of HPV
replication, wart development, koilocytes
40
reokicaiton (nucleous
squamous epithelium or mucous membranes (genital, oral, conjnctival)
41
wart development)
viral stimulated cell growth, thickening of basal and stratum spinosum/grandulosum
42
koilocytes (characteristics of infection
enlarged keratinoctes, clear halos adn shrunken nucleous (rasinoid)
43
transmission of HPV
fomites, direct contact, sexual intercourse, birth canal
44
low risk HPV
6,11
45
hi risk HPV
16, 18, 45
46
HPV that cause benign warts
HPV 1-4
47
HPV that causes laryngeal papillomas
HPV 6,11
48
cervical dysplasia and neoplasia ; 3 grades
low grade: 6,11,43
intermediate grade: 31,33,35,42,44,45,51,52
hi grade: 16,18,56,58
CA of vulva
49
CA of vulva 6,11,16,18
6,11,16,18
50
CA of vagina
16
51
cytological changes in HPV
koilocytes cells ar detected by PAP smear
52
labitory diagnosis of HPV
does not forw in culture, detected on PAP Smear, cercical swabs (dna molecular probes, per)
53
treatment of HPV
surgical, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, electrodesiccation, loop electrosurgical excision procesure (LEEP)
54
external anogenital warts or condylomata acuminata
imiquimod, interferon alfa (a simple surgical excision)
55
cytotoxic agents (antiproliferatve drugs)
podofilox, podophylin, 5-fluorouracil
56
adenovirus- what kind of cells does it infect?
adenoid tissue
57
e1a proteins of adenoviruses
transcription and oncogenic
58
e1b proteins of adenoviruses
stimulate cell growth, oncogenic
59
pathogenesis of adenoviruses
lytic infections (mucoepithelial cells) ; latent infections (lymphoid and adenoid cells; viral toxic activity (penton protein base which inhibit mRNA transport to protein syntehsis ; humoral response resolves infection
60
epidemiology of adenoviruses
resist drying detergents, GI secretions, mild chlorine treatment, (transmissio nbia respiratory or fecal/oral ; pediatric respiratory tract deases )serotypes 1,2,5); gastroenteritis (serotypes 4,7)
61
laboratory diagosis of adenoviruses
cell culture (primarily in human embryonic kidney cells) ; serology, ELISA , DNA probe analysis
62
treatments of adenoviruses
NO APPROVED TREATMENT BUT: preventative measures include: handwashing (handwashing) ; vaccines (serotypes 4.7 - but these aren't used in civilian population
63
cytolysis of human herpes virus
vesicle formation: fluid contains infectious cirions; cowdry type A acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies; initiate syncytia formation
64
immunity of HSV
innate protection: NK cells, interferons ; cell mediated response: t helper cells and t cytotoxic ells; humoral respone: antibodies, neutralize infection, does not resolve infection ; viral escape mechanism: direct cell to cell spread , hides during latent infectin, blocks the action of interferon, blocks expressinon of class I MHC receptors
65
recurrences of HSV
suppression of T cell responses: actiating conditions: stress, trauma, sunlight, fever
66
epiddemiology of HSV
transmission: vescile fluid, saliva, vaginal secretions, HSV1: kissing and slavia contiaing items HSV 2: sexual contact vertical transmission
67
clinical HSV 1
primary herpetic kingivo matitis, herpes pharyngitis , herpes keratitis, perioal lesions, herpetic whitlow, exzema herpeticum
68
complications of HSV 1
encephalitis (major cause of fatal sporadic enceph in US); viral replication in brain parenchyma, temporal lobes and orbital gyr i of frontal lobes
69
complications of hsv2
meningits- viral proliferation in meningeal laters (acute inflmmation -fever - nuchael rigidity- CSF pleocytosis
70
lab diagnosis of HSV
microscopic exam of vesicular fluid, definitive diagnosis
71
tzank cell
multinucleated cell with inclusions
72
definitive diagnosis with HSV
immunofluorescense, immunoperoxidase, PCR, Cell culture isolation ; sereoogy determiens primary infection
73
antiviral drugs of HSV
nucleoside analogs: inhibit viral DNA polymerase, prevent elongation of viral DNA ; acyclovir, calacyclovir, famciclovir
74
treatment/ prevention of HSV
sexual intercourse
75
Varicella Zoster Virus
chickenpox and zoster (shingles)
76
pathogenesis of VZV
viremia occurs 11-12 days/ spread to skin; Tcells infected which transfers virus to skin epithelium , cell to cell transfer, latency in DRG and cranial nerve ganglia (shingles)
77
immunity of VZV
interferon Alpha limites spread in tissues
78
epidemiology of VZV
transmission: respiratory, skin vesciles, contagious (11-17 das of a 20 day course in children)
79
varicella clinical cyndromes in children
incubation period 14 days. fever/maculopapular rash, 12 hours vesciles crust
80
varicella clinical syndromes in adults
primary infection more sever, intersitial pneumonia (20%); recurrence, herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, *can be lethal to immunosupprseed patients
81
lab diagnosis of VZV
cytology: cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions, syncytiasereology :screen for immunity
82
treamtment of VZV in adults and immunocompromised
acyclovir, famiciclovir, valacyclovir
83
treatment of VZV in children
disease is mild, love attenuated vaccine after 2 years
84
struture and repolication of EBV
trophism for b cells cr2 or cd21 marker
85
3 three potential outcomes of infection of EBV
replicate in b cells or epitheliali cells, latent infection in B cells, B cell immortalization
86
viral genes expressed during infection (EBV)
epstein-barr nuclear antigens, DNA binding proteins, latent proteins, DNA binding proteins
87
LMP in EBV
latent membrane proteins stimulate forth and immortilization
88
lymphocytosis
activation and proliferation of T cells which lead to atypical lymphocytes or downey cells ; virus perisstsin one memory B cells
89
epidemiology of EBV
saliva - virus hed for life
90
triad for EBV ( clinicalsyndrome)
lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, exudative pharyngitis
91
heterophile antibody
positive infectious monocucleosis
92
complications of EBV
splenic repture, laryngeal obstruction, neurological disorders (guillain-baree syndrome, meningeoencephalacytis)
93
chronic disease of EBV
fatigue, low grade fever, headache, sore throat
94
burkitts lymphoma types
endemic: EBV/c-myc translocation ; mandible/abdominal organs
sporadic: c-myc translocation/mass/illeocecal/peritoneum
95
lab diagnosis of EBV
heterophile antibody, atypical lumphocytes, sereology: VCA Igm, VCA IgG, EA
96
treatment of EBV
no effective treatment available
97
endemic includes
mandible/abdominal organs
98
Cytomegalovirus characteristics
no common pathogen, associated with congenital abnormalittes, opportunistic pathogen in the immunosuppressed
99
CMV structure in latent infection
mononuclear lymohocytes
100
CMV replicates in human cells:
fibroblast, epithelial cells, macrophages
101
epidemiology of CMV
replications and sheds with no symptoms
102
transmission of CMV
blood transfusions, organ transplant, congenital , oral, sexual routes
103
congenital infection of CMV
most prevalen viral cause of congenital disease: thrombocytopenia, microcephaly, intracerebral calcification, jaundice, hepatosplenomagaly
104
infection in children and adults of CMV
geterophile negative mononucleosis syndrome, STD
105
lab diagnosis of CMV
cytomegalic cell: enlarged cell/central owls eye basophilic nuclear inclusion body ; culture; sereology
106
treatment of CMV
ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet
107
clinical syndromes of human herpesvirus 6 and 7
exanthem subitum or roseola: rapid onset of fever over a few days; rash that last for ~2 dyas
108
clinical syndroms of herpesvirus 8
viral sequences discovered in japoss sarcoma
109
poxviruses
variola and small pox (last reported in 77' in solmalia) and molluscum contagiosum
110
structure of poxviruses
largest and most complex virus , entire process occurs in cytoplasm, virus assembled in inclusion bodes "guarneri bodies"
111
smallpox pathogenesis
primary infection site- respiratory tract ; spread by lymphatics (viremia )
112
pathogenesis of molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus: transmitted by contact, wart-like lesion, cell mediated and humoral immunity and virus evades immune system, cell to cell spread /impede INF, complement
113
epidemiology of poxvirus
strictly human viruses, spread by respiratory route
114
clinical syndromes of small pox
vesciular rash, high fever, severe headache, backache, malaise, comiting, diarrhead, ecessive bleeding
115
clinical syndromes of molluscum contagiousum
nodular/wart-like lesion; begin as papules--pearl like umbilicated (central caseous plug (squeezed out) trunk, genitalia, proximal extremeites
116
daignosis of molluscum contagiousum
epithelial cells, molluscum bodies (histological finding) ; no growth in culture, lesions disappera 2012 months, nodules removed by currettage
117
parvoirus characteristics
smallest of DNA viruses, parovirus b19, only member to cuase disease (erythema infectiousum (5th diseases) aplastic crisis (in partience w chronic hemolytic anemia) acute polyarthritis
118
pathogenesis of parvovirus
spreads by viremia to bone marrow, replicates in nasopharynx of URT, replicates in and kills erythroid precursors
119
bi phasic course
initial febrile stage, symptomatic phase
120
initial febrile stage of parvovirus
(part of biphasic course) erythrocyte precursor production halted (1 wk) , viremia with flu-like symptoms, antibody is important for resolution of disease
121
symptomatic phase
(part of biphasic course) immune mediated . rash and arthralgias, virus specific antibody, formation of immune complexes
122
b19 infection
aplastic infection. host with hemoglobinopathy (chronic hemoytic anemia), life threatening retuculocytopenia, b19 depelicion of RBC precursors, shortened RBC lifespan
123
epidemiology of parvovirus
65% of populartion infected by 40. erythema infectiosum (children.adolescents aged 4-15 ). arthalgias and arthrities (adults)
124
transmission of parvovirus
late winter and spring, respiratory droplet, oral secretions
125
clinical syndromes of erythema infectiosum
prodromal 7-10 days; fever , sore throat, chills, malaise, myalgia, rash follows on cheek, spread to arms and legs, subsides in 1-2 weeks
126
aplastic crisis clinical syndromses
hemoglobinopathies, transient reduction in erythropoeisis, rash/joint swelling may be present
127
arthralgias and arthritis clinical syndromes
polyarthralgia (rash may be present; can last for weeks or months on hands wrist keens ankles
128
clinical syndromes of hydrops fetalis
b19 infection in seronegative mothers ; virus decimates RBC precursors- anemia - CHF
129
lab daignosis of parvovirus
specific IgM Abs, distinguish rash of B19 rubella, ELISA, PCR
130
treatment of parvovirus
no specific antiviral treatment
