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med micro gram negative bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

types of gram negative bacteria

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, enterobacteriaceae, escheria coli, salmonella, shigella, vibrio, vibrio chlorae

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2
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae structure and physiology

A

one of the most common STD, gram-negative , coccoid, arranged in pairs (diplococci), iron essential for growth and metabolism

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3
Q

fastidious neisseria gonorrhoeae features

A

chocolate agar, affected by adverse conditions: dry enviornments, fatty acids, starach neutralizes the toxic effect

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4
Q

pili function in neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

attachement to host cells, transfer genetic material, motility, provide resistance to killg by neutrophils

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5
Q

opa protein function in neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

mediate binding to epithelial and phagocytic cells, important for cell to cell signaling, multiple allele expressed by an individual isolate, colonies appear opaque

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6
Q

what 4 clinical diseases are neisseria gonorrhoeae associated with ?

A

endocervicitis, urethritis, pharyngitis, procitis

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7
Q

function of Rmp proteins in neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Reduction-modifable proteins- stimulates blocking AB

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8
Q

in neisseria gonorrhoeae , what’s the function of lipoogliosaccharide

A

enhance endotoxin mediated toxcity, protect replicating bacteria by bidning protein directed AB

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9
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae, function of immunoglobulin Ig A1 Protease

A

cleaves the hinge region in IgA1, creates immunologically inactive Fc and Fab fragments

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10
Q

pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

attach to mucosal cells, pass through cells into subepithelial spaces : attachemnt and penetration by: Pili, PorB, or Opa protein

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11
Q

LOS stimulates the release of

A

proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor

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12
Q

pathogenic feature of neisseria gonorrhoeae infection?

A

attachemnt and penetration by: Pili, PorB, or Opa protein

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13
Q

epidemiology of neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

humans are only known resovior, transmitted primarily be sexual contact; women 50% where as men 20% because of lenght of urethra

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14
Q

primary cite in women with neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

cervix! endocervical columnar epitehlial cells, squamous epitehlial cells not infected; line the vagina of postpubescent women

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15
Q

symptoms of neisseria gonorrhoeae inwomen

A

vaginal discharge, dysuria, abdominal pain; Ascending Genital infections: Salpingitis, tubo-ovarioan abscesses, pelviv inflammatory disease

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16
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae in men

A

restricted to urethra

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17
Q

whch of the following sites are directly involved with ascending N. gonorrhea infections in women?

A

salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscesses, pelvic inflammatory disease

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18
Q

sites for gonorrhea

A

urethra, cervix, epididymis, prostate, anus

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19
Q

which of the following best describes how dissemination gonorrhea infections occur?

A

genitourinary tract -> blood -> skin/joints

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20
Q

characteristics of gonococcal arthritis

A

pustular rash with erythematous base (extremetics/ not on head and trunk!); suppurative arthritis in involved joints; symtpoms: fever migratory arthralgias

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21
Q

Characerisics of purulent conjunctivitis

A

newborns infected during vaginal delivery, opthalmia neonatorum, acquired by neonate at birth

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22
Q

treatment of neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

ceftriaxone, doxycycline or azithromycin(if complicated with clamidia) ; in neonates (1%silver nitrate)

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23
Q

characteristics of neisseria meningitidis

A

iron is essential for growth and metabolism, pathogen can bind transferrin, capsule prevents AB-mediated phagocytosis; outer surface antigens: polysaccharide capsule, pili, LOS.

24
Q

pilli associated with neisseria meningitidis (3)

A

allow colonization in nasopharynx, survive intracellular killing in the abscence of humoral immunity, endotoxin responsible for clincal manifestations

25
epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis . how is it transmitted?
humans only host, via aerosolization of respiratory tract secretions
26
what patients are suceptible to neisseria meningitidis infection?
children younger than 5, institutionalized people, patients with late complement deficiencies
27
clinical presnetaitons for neisseria meningitidis
abrupt onset: headache, menigeal signs, fever . mortality 100% in untreated patients
28
meningococcemia in neisseria meningitidis
seticemia, thrombosis of small blood cessels, multiorgan involvement (trunk and lower extremities)
29
characteristic of waterhouse fredreichesen syndrome
bilateral destruction of adrenal glands
30
treatment of neisseria meningitidis
breast feed, penicillin, chemoprophylaxix (RCC), immunoprophylaxis *no vaccin for serotype B* or just available . vaccine is an adjunt to chemoprophulaxis used only for serogroups ACY and W135
31
what cells are infected by listeria (gram +)
enterocute, M cell sof peyer pathces for inital site of infection
32
what are charcteristics of early onset infections caused by listeria
granulomatosis infantiseptica- acquired transplancentally inutero; disseminated abscesses, granulomas in multiple organs.
33
nutritional requirements for enterobacteriaceae
ferment glucose, reduce nitrate, catalase positive, oxidase negative
34
enterotoxigenic e. coli. characteristics
small intestine, diarrhea, heat-stable and or heat labile enterotoxin ***traveler's diarrhea
35
enterohemorragic E. coli EHEC characteristic
large intestine/ diarrhea ; mediated by shiga toxins 1 & 2! result in decreased absorption (initially watery diarrhea, followed by gorssly blood diarrhea, abd cramps, little or no fever, may progress to hemoltic uremic sundrome (HUS)
36
who's responsible for opportunistic infections
e.coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis
37
pathogenesis of salmonella and immunity
ingestion and passage through the stomcah, attaches to mucosa of small intestie, invades M cells and enterocytes, replicate and remain in an endocytic vacuole
38
products of pathogenicity islands I genes
regulate attatchement, engulfment and replication ; encodes salmonella-secreted invasion proteins, encodes a type III secretion system that injects proteins into the host cell
39
products of pathgenicity islands II genes
allows bacteria to evade the host's immune response
40
infections from salmonella show the:
inflmmatory response, GI tract, release of prostaglandins, stimulates cAMP, active fluid secretion
41
which of the following organs does salmonella chronically colonize
gal gladder
42
what are the clinical characteristics of salmonella gastroenteritis ?
symtoms appear 6-48 hours after the consumption of contaiminated food or water. initial presentation: N/V, NONBLOODY diarrhea fever, abd cramps, myalgias, headache; symptoms can persist from 2 days to 1 week
43
typhoid fever, assosciated with salmonella
enteric fever, must be suspected in febrile patients with recent travel to developing countries where disease is endemic
44
Shigella pathogenesis and virulence
faculative anaerobic rod; invades and replicates colon epithelium, survives phagocytosis, induces apoptosis; endothelial damage
45
pathogenic mechanism of the A subunit of the shigella toxin
cleaves the 28S rRNA in the 60s ribosomal subunit; prevents bindng of aminoacl-transfer RNA, disrupts protein synthesis
46
clinical presentation of shigella gastroenteritis
initial colonization and symptoms (1-3 days), small intestines; profuse watery diarrhea pogressing with/in 1-2 days; abdominal cramps adn tenesmus, abundant pus and blood in the stool ; abudnant neutrophils, erythrocytes adn mucus,
47
epidemiology of shigella
young children in daycare centers, nursuries, fecal/oral route, humans are only reservoir, male homosexuals,
48
pathogeneic mechanism for subunit B of cholera toxin
ring of 5 identical B subunits, binds to ganglioside GM1 receptors on the intestinal epithelial cells.
49
pathogenic mechanism for subunit A for cholera toxin
internalized and interacts with G protiens -> AC ; catabolic converserio of ATP -> cAMP; hypersecretion of water and electrolytes, loss of 1 liter of fluid per hour; adherence to the mucosal cell layer
50
epidemiology of vibrio cholerae
organisms found in estuarine and marine neviornments worldwide, associated with consumption of contaminated raw shellfish, most common cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis in US
51
what makes cholera gastroenteritis deadly
Why is cholera gastroenteritis deadly? (vibrio) Because it leads to dehydration > hypotension > shock K+ loss results in cardiac complications & circulatory failure.; no vaccine available; self-limited disease
52
what is the pathogenic mechansim of internalin A
LISTERIA; adhere to host cell membrane via cadherin
53
True or False Losteria grows only at alkaline pH?
false, high salt concentration! wide range of pH , 1-37º C
54
which strain of s. pneumonia is most virulent
strain type 3,
55
people at risk for s. pneumonia ?
young children, and elderly, and with hematologc disorder or functionl asplenia

Medical Microbiology (5 decks)

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