Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biomed winter 2023 final all lectures > Virology II - Mclean > Flashcards

Virology II - Mclean Flashcards

1
Q

Picornaviridae -> 2 types.

A

Enterovirus
Hepatovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Enterovirus -> 5 viruses. Which is different?

A

Poliovirus
Coxsackie virus A
Coxsackie virus B
Echovirus
Rhinovirus: cannot tolerate acid. still considered an enterovirus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rhinovirus facts:

A

Rhinovirus - grow best at 33 degrees C.
Acid labile
multiply in the nasal passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Poliovirus facts:

A

Hardy survivor in water sources
Pathogenesis: Transmission: ingestion
Invades brain / spinal cord (1%)
Anterior horn cells of the spinal cord
Paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Poliovirus
clinical findings:

A

Viral ASEPTIC meningitis
progressive postpoliomyelitis muscle atrophy (muscle deteriorates after infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vaccines of Poliovirus:

A

Killed (Salk) vaccine - main one used
Live - attenuated (Sabin) Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Herpangina:

Hand / Foot / Mouth syndrome:

IMPORTANT

A

BOTH FROM COXSACKIE A VIRUS:

Herpangina: ulcers / sores inside mouth. Mainly oral cavity thats affected. Have PAPULOVESICULAR LESIONS

HFM syndrome: lesions in oral cavity, hands and feet. GINGIVA NOT AFFECTED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coxsackie Viruses:

oral related stuff

very important

A

Coxsackie A: Herpangina - ulcers and sores inside the mouth, **: not associated with gingivitis. mainly posterior portion of mouth
- Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome. Note: Gingiva not infected

Coxsackie B: Pleurodynia (pain when breathing - lungs affected) Myocarditis/ Pericarditis. (heart infected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Echoviruses (Enteric Cytopathic human orphans)

classic question:

A

Most common cause of Viral (aseptic) meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Target question:
What is the main cause of common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

Only enterovirus caused from inhalation. all others are ingestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Coronaviruses:

general features

A

Glycoprotein spikes (appears as a halo) in envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coronaviruses:

clinical findings, comparison to rhino:

A

Second main cause of common cold
more nasal discharge than rhino, but less coughing than rhino.

generally limited to upper respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SARS-CoV-2:

A

Can cause pneumonia, multi-organ failure, this one generally targets LOWER respiratory tract. (lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orthomyxoviridae:

A

Influenza found in this family.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Influenza general features:

A

genetic reassortment: major exchange of genetic material

antigenic shift ^
(note: antigenic drift = minor changes, like point mutations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Structure / composition of Influenza Viruses:

A

Unique feature: Multiple nuclear capsids (8). Each RNA associated protein has a gene, so you have segmented genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Influenza A, B, C:

A

Only Influenza A and B cause significant human disease

Only influenza A have subtypes based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (outer proteins)

Typically, the inner proteins are whats responsible for different types, but for type A, outer proteins are responsible too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

A

Hemagglutinin: attachment, also fuses viral envelope to host cell

Neuraminidase: Release virions from host cell, also lowers viscosity of mucus film. increases susceptibility.

19
Q

Paramyxoviruses - types:
Togaviradiae:

transmitted via

A

Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Mumps
Measles (Rubeola)

Togaviridae:
German Measles (Rubella)

Respiratory secretions

20
Q

What is one of the most contagious viruses?

A

Measles. R0 = 18

21
Q

Paramyxoviruses vs orthomyxovirus:

A

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase are on the same molecule for paramyxoviruses. They also have something called Fusion Protein (F), which promotes fusion of viral and host cell membranes.

22
Q

Paramyxoviruses properties:

A

Croup: Barking cough due to infection / swelling of larynx
U also see lower respiratory tract infections.

23
Q

Target Question:
What is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants / young children?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a type of Paramyxiovirus.

24
Q

Measles Oral Infection: can follow something:

Classic Question:

A

Koplix spots: white center, red base lesions on oral mucosa near parotid duct

These are a characteristic of MEASLES (Rubeola)

A day or so after the spots, rashes start from hairline and moves down face and neck.

25
Q

German Measles Oral Infection: Types of spots:

Classic Question:

A

Forchheimer spots - red spots on palate. Not white.

26
Q

Rubeola
Rubella
Roseola Infantum

A

Rubeola: (Measles): Koplic spots
Rubella: (German Measles): Forchheimer spots
Roseola Infantum: Caused by human herpes virus 6

All have rashes

27
Q

Mumps - host response:

A

Swelling of parotid gland. Due to blockage of efferent ducts. Other glands swell too, testes can swell too

28
Q

Papovaviridae

A

HPV part of this family
^ Human Papilloma Virus. This is an STI

29
Q

Infection of HPV mechanism:

A

Infection of basal cells. Begin to multiply.
Migrating to surface, at same time, keratinization going on. Makes warts

Typically u need microbreak in skin that allows virus through to basal cells.

30
Q

Different types of HPV

Important ones:
Classic Question

ORAL RELATED

A

Types 16 and 18: Associated with cervical cancer. can also cause oral cancer.

Gardasil: vaccine towards type 6,11,16,18
Cervarix: vaccine towards type 16, 18.

31
Q

Viral Hepatitis:

Which ones can cause acute vs chronic hepatitis:

Target Question:

A

Acute: ABCDE
Chronic: BCD

32
Q

Jaundice:

A

high level of bilirubin. Yellow eyes. This is a type of hepatitis. Liver is not working properly.

33
Q

How to treat HBV

A

Treat via antivirals such as interferons

34
Q

Hepatitis A:

how is it spread? important

A

PicoRNAviridae family

Transmission: ingestion. enterally.

Note: enterally: ingestion.
parenterally: not ingestion

A and E are spread via ingestion.

35
Q

Hepatitis B:

key features

structure:

A

HepaDNAviridae family

Still has DNA polymerase with RT activity, because in this one it goes from DNA to RNA to back to DNA.

Structure: contains a Dane Particle. only in Hepatitis B
Between capsid and envelope, contain an E antigen.
S antigen = surface antigen. Outer.
C antigen = core antigen, associated with Capsid. Present within Dane particle.

36
Q

structure of Hepatitis B:

important antigens:

Very important slide:*

A

Structure: contains a Dane Particle. only in Hepatitis B

HBsAg: S antigen = surface antigen. Outer.
HBeAg: E antigen = Between capsid / envelope. InbetwEEn.
HBcAg: C antigen = core antigen, associated with Capsid. Present within Dane particle.

When screening for Hepatitis B: U screen for S antigen (surface).

37
Q

When screening for Hepatitis B: how to tell if you have active disease?

A

When screening for Hepatitis B: U screen for S antigen (surface). If you have this antigen, you have active disease. It could be acute or chronic.

If you have antigens for ur S antigen, then there is no active disease.
Note: u will not see both antigens and antibodies together.

If you see IgM: New infection
IgG: Old infection.

If you see E antigen, person is generally very infectious. If you see antibodies for E antigen, then they are not infectious.

38
Q

When screening for Hepatitis B, how do you know if it is acute or chronic disease?

Target question.

A

If S antigen is there for more than 6 months, it is chronic.

Chronic Hepatitis B is when u have S antigen more than 6 months.

39
Q

Most common cause of chronic hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis C

40
Q

Hepatitis C:

transmission:

A

parenterally, sexual contact
primarily transmitted through blood.

41
Q

Hepatitis D:

facts

A

Defective Virus

coinfects with Hepatitis B. Requires it.

42
Q

Hepatitis E:

transmission:

A

transmitted Enterally.

43
Q

Picornaviridae
Coronaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Togaviridae
Papovaviridae

A

Picorn: Entero / Hepato.
- Entero -> Poliovirus / Coxsackie virus A / Coxsackie virus B / Echovirus / Rhinovirus
- Hepato -> HAV
Coronaviridae: SARS CoV-1 / SARS CoV-2
Ortho: Influenza A / B / C
Para: Parainfluenza / Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) / Mumps / Measles (Rubeola)
Toga: German Measles (Rubella)
Papo: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Hepatitis viruses: HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV

biomed winter 2023 final all lectures (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions