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Med School > Virology Block 2 > Flashcards

Virology Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Viral Capsid

A

Prot coat surrounding genomic material

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2
Q

Possible forms of capsid

A

Icosohedral and helical

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3
Q

Naked Viruses

A

PAPP and PCR-Parvo, Adeno, Papilloma, Polyoma and Picorna, Calici, Reo

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4
Q

Advantage/Disadvantage lipoprot coat

A

Virus can replicate without lysing cell, avoids immune system/sensitive to heat and acid

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5
Q

Lipoprot coat comes from?

A

Cell membrane! Except herpes come from nuclear membrane

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6
Q

Eclipse vs Latent

A

Eclipse=virus undetectable in serum until detectable intracellularly. Latent=virus not in serum to virus in serum again

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7
Q

Steps in viral replication

A

Attachment, adsorption, uncoating, early mRNA, genome replication, late mRNA, assembly, release

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8
Q

Host cell receptor for HIV, EBV, Rabies

A

CD4, CD21, AcetylcholineR

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9
Q

DNA viruses replicate genome where?

A

Nucleus except pox cuz it’s too big

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10
Q

RNA viruses replicate genome where?

A

cytoplasm except retro and orthomyxo

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11
Q

DNA viruses synthesizing mRNA where and with what?

A

Nucleus with host cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, except pox which cytoplasm with viral DNA dependent RNA polymerase

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12
Q

How do retroviruses make mRNA?

A

viral reversetranscriptase to form DNA then use host DNA dep RNA polym

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13
Q

(-) ssRNA and dsRNA make mRNA?

A

viral RNA dep RNA polym

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14
Q

Which DNA virus uses reverse transcriptase to replicate genome?

A

Hep B

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15
Q

Which viruses are able to use host machinery alone?

A

All (+) ssRNA and DNA viruses (except pox and hep B)

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16
Q

DNA viruses

A

Hepadna, herpes, adeno, parvo, polyoma, papilloma, pox

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17
Q

ssDNA?

A

Parvo is paranormall

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18
Q

Circular DNA

A

Papilloma, polyoma, hepadna, circo

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19
Q

Parvo causes?

A

B19, aplastic anemia and erthema infectiosum fifth disease (slapped cheek), hydrops fetalis

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20
Q

Papilloma viruses?

A

HPV, 16 and 18 associated with cervical cancer, warts by 1, 2, 6, 11

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21
Q

Hepadna viruses?

A

Hep B

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22
Q

Herpes viruses?

A

HSV1 (cold sores), HSV2 (genital and neonatal herpes), varicella-zoster (VZV, chickenpox and shingles), Cytomegalovirus (CMV, sever congenital infections and immunocomp pt issues), EBV(mono, nasopharygeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, primary CNS lymphomas), human herpes virus 6 (roseola infantum, sixth disease), HHV8 (Kaposi sarcoma)

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23
Q

Pox viruses?

A

Smallpox, vaccinia (cowpox), molluscum contagiosum, monkeypox

24
Q

Positive RNA viruses?

A

Retro, Toga, Astro, Flavi, Corona, Hepe, Picorno, Calici

25
Q

Negative RNA segmented?

A

Bunya, arena, orthomyxo

26
Q

Negative RNA linear?

A

Paramyxo, rhabdo, filo

27
Q

Negative RNA circular?

A

Delta (hep D)

28
Q

dsRNA?

A

Reo

29
Q

Picorna viruses?

A

Polio, echo (meningitis, encephalitis, colds), rhino (cold, spring/fall), coxsackie (hand-foot-mouth, pericarditis), hep A (oral-fecal hep)

30
Q

Calici viruses?

A

Norwalk (adult diarrhea)

31
Q

Reo viruses?

A

Reovirus (respiratory enteric orphan virus), rotavirus (fatal infantile gastroenteritis, number one cause of diarrhea in kids), Colitivirus (colorado tick fever)

32
Q

Flavi viruses?

A

Yellow fever (councilman bodies), West Nile, dengue, St Louis and Japenese enchaphalitis, Hep C (cirrhosis associated)

33
Q

Toga viruses?

A

Rubella, alpha viruses (wester/eastern equine encaphalitis)

34
Q

Retro viruses?

A

HIV1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV1) (adult leukemia), and HTLV2

35
Q

Orthomyxo viruses?

A

Flu

36
Q

Paramyxo viruses?

A

Measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza (croup)

37
Q

Rhabdo viruses?

A

Rabies (Negri bodies and bullet-shaped inclusions)

38
Q

Filo viruses?

A

Ebola, Marburg

39
Q

Corona viruses?

A

Cold (winter), SARS

40
Q

Arena viruses?

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (has ambisense RNA), Lassa fever enchaphalitis (mice vector)

41
Q

Bunya viruses?

A

California enchephalitis, Hantavirus

42
Q

Hepe viruses?

A

Hep E

43
Q

IFN alpha and beta do what?

A

stimulate NK cells, play a role in tumor suppresion, induce MHC I expression

44
Q

IFN gamma does what?

A

Induces MHC II (and I ish), very pro-inflammatory

45
Q

Exogenous IFN alpha is good for what?

A

Hep B and C and HPV genital warts (can be helpful against Kaposi sarcomas also)

46
Q

Amantadine and rimantadine: what do they do and against what?

A

Inhibit influenza A M2 prot for decoating, an oral prophylaxis against flu A, must be initiated within first 48 hrs, rimantadine has less side effects, both are barely useful anymore

47
Q

Zanamivir and oseltamivir: what do they do and against what?

A

Inhibit neuraminidase which is necessary for virus binding to new cells, effect influenza A and B, Zanamavir is inhaled by pts older than 7 and oseltamivir is a pill for pts older than one and prophylaxis for pts older than 13

48
Q

Enfuvirtide: does what to what?

A

Blocks gp41 fusing with CD4, stops HIV

49
Q

Acyclovir: does what to what?

A

acyclic nucleoside analouge that is phosphorylated once by a viral thymidine kinase and then twice by human kinases then stops the viral DNA polymerase, used for HSV 1 and 2, VZV and EBV (not on latent ones though)

50
Q

Ganciclovir: does what to what?

A

viral kinase dependent (like acyclovir) but is effective against CMV and to a lesser extent VZV

51
Q

Foscarnet: does what to what?

A

IV nonnucleoside inhibitor (viral kinase independent) of CMV retinitis or ganciclovir resistant CMV or acyclovir resistant HSV

52
Q

Penciclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir (acyclovir derivatives): different how and to what?

A

Penciclovir: topical therapy for HSV 1 cold sores
Famciclovir: better oral bioavailability and good for reactivated VZV
Valacyclovir: Reactivate HSV 2 genital herpes and VZV

53
Q

Vidarabine and Idovuridine (acyclovirish): what to what?

A

Not viral kinase dependent so less specific, used for topical HSV eye infections

54
Q

Trifluridine-fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside

A

Works against HSV (not CMV), pox, and some adeno, not specific, used for topical ocular herpes

55
Q

Cidofovir: what to what?

A

Nucleotide analouge but not viral kinase dependent, alternative therapy for CMV and experimentally used for complications of vaccina virus (smallpox vaccine)

56
Q

Fomivivirsen: what to what?

A

Anti-sense oligonucleotide complementary to immediate early gene of CMV retinitis/intraocular infection

57
Q

Adeno viruses?

A

Febrile pharyngitis, pnuemonia, conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Med School (4 decks)

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