Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med School > Bacteria and Fungi > Flashcards

Bacteria and Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Flora-Skin, Mouth, Respiratory, Intestine, GU

A

Skin-S. epidermidis, corynebacteria, propionibact acnes
Mouth-Viridians (alpha hem strep), obligate anaerobes, HACEK bact
Respiratory-S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Moraxella catarrhalis, S aureus (nose), HACEK
GI-Bacteroides, E. coli, Enterococcus
GU-Lactobacillus, GI bact, Gardenella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HACEK bact

A

Haemphilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobact, Eikenella, Kingella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes-Virulence and Toxins and HTE

A

Group A
Virulence-M prot-inhibs complement fix, antibodies can protect but there are >60 serotypes. Also prot G and capsule
Toxins-Streptolysin O-hemolytic and kills phagocytes, oxygen labile. Streptolysin S-oxygen stable. Pyrogenic exotoxins-SpeA and C are superantigens (have to be lysogenized by phage). also some exoenzymes
HTE-Not normal flora, in URT, person to person, children 5-15, can effect healthy people but much more common in immunocomp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

A 
HTE-normal intestinal flora, major cause of neonatal meningitis (transmitted during birth), swab preggers vagina
Early onset (0-7 days) pneumo and sepsis
Late onset (7-90 days) sepsis and meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae-Virulence, Toxin and HTE

A

Virulence-Capsule (83 serotypes, 7 cause 85% of disease)
Toxins-Pneumolysin-oxygen labile, cross reacts with streptolysin O
HTE-normal URT flora (20-70% ppl), spread from normal flora to adj tissue or lungs via aspiration, infants and children (ear infection), invasive disease in immunocomp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes-Disease

A

Disease-Pharyngitis (treat it, can have systemic issues like ear inf, septicemia, endocar), Scarlet fever-strep throat complicated by pyrogenic exotoxin, local inf systemic toxemia, characteristic rash on face then trunk, Can get pneumonia (preceded by virus) and bloodstream invasion (sepsis, endocard). Sequelae main issue-Acute rheumatic fever-2-3 wks after pharyngitis, kids 5-15, longer pharyngitis more likely to develop, multi system disorder. Acute glomerulonephritis-kidney inflammation after pharyngitis or skin, kids 5-15, get type 3. PANDAS (Ped Autoimmune Neuropsych Disorder Associated with GAS)-sudden OCD and related symptoms after pharyngitis, symptoms improve with antibiotics, related to inappro immune response to GAS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes-Dx, Tx and Prevention

A

Dx-gram positve, antigen detection swab, beta hem on blood agar, serology for anti-strp O for rheumatic fever
Tx-Penicillin G or V, add clindamycin or erythromycin for invasive disease
Prevent-Treat immediately to avoid sequelae, no vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae-Disease

A

Disease-Pneumonia-rapid onset, shaking chills, fever, cough with rusty sputum, Cxr shows heavy consolidation, major cause of nosocomial and community acquired, complicated by pleural effusion with empyema, bacteremia with meningitis (most common meningitis in adults). URT-ear inf (most common cause), sinusitis, conjunctivits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae-Dx. Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-Gram positive, urine antigen test (use on CSF also), culture blood agar for alpha hem and mucoid, sensitivity testing for penicillin
Tx-Penicillin V for mild, G for invasive, amoxicillin for ear, FQs for conjunctivitis, sinusitus use amox for kids and FQs for adults. If penicillin resistant us Vanc or active FQs
Prevention-PPV (23) used in adults, no response in kids under 2, PCV13 (was 7) used for kids at 2, 4, 6 months with booster at 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Virulence, Toxins and HTE

A

Virulence-No cell wall, terminal organelle (helps adhese to things), CARDS (Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome) (vacuolating toxic activity, tissue disorganization, inflammation, and airway disfunction, not all has it)
HTE-URT (carrier state), person to person, school age kids, considered community acquired always but there is a hospital version on respirators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Disease

A

2 to 3 weeks of pharyngitis with non productive cough and moderate fever, Tracheobronchitis in 70% cases, ear pain due to membrane infection (25% of cases), walking or atypical pneumo (CARDS can make severe), no tissue invasion but inflammation on mucosal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-No gram stain, No culture grows slow on special medium with fried egg colonies (has cholesterol), can do cold agglutinins serology (also specific mycoplasma), can do PCR
Tx-Macrolides (erythro, azithro, clarithro mycin) or FQs, mild cases resolve on their own, can’t use cell wall antibiotics
Prevent-No vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae-Virulence, Toxin, HTE

A

Virulence-Nothing specific, pleomorphic, club shaped rods that form V and L
Toxins-Diptheria toxin-essential for disease production, from a phage, it binds to cells (heart very sensitive) and enters them and modifies EF-2 which halts prot synthesis and kills cell, antibody against toxin provides complete protection
HTE-normal flora of skin and URT but usually non-toxic strain, person to person, usually in kids in underdeveloped countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corynebacterium diphteriae-Disease

A

Respiratory infection-local inf with systemic toxemia, 2-6 day incubation pharyngitis, toxin causes necrosis of underlying tissue and enters bloodstream, get pseudomembrane, edema of neck, respiratory obstruction (deadly), bacteria stay in URT while toxin necroses heart and kidneys and nerves
Skin-wound inf usually in tropics, see same grayish membrane but usually don’t get systemic toxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Corynebacterium diphteriae-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-clinical presentation, culture on blood agar, test for toxin (required but special)
Tx-antitoxin, antibiotic (penicillin or erythromycin), in immunocomp use Vanc or penG with aminoglycoside
Prevention-DTaP at 2 months, booster (Tdap) for teens and seniors, and part of tetanus booster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

A

causes pharyngitis in adolecents, beta hem on blood agar, confused with S pyogenes, penicillin covers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diphtheroids

A

Normal flora in most people, do not cause diptheria, opportunistic infections, more common in US than diptheria (normally URI but do wound inf, pneumonia, bacterermia, endocard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

A

HACEK, can cause diseases similar to H. influ but less common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

gram negative, similar to naked H. influ, normal flora of URT, third most common cause of ot media in kids, a common cause of chronic bronchitis in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Haemophilus influenzae-Virulence, Toxin, HTE

A

Won’t grow on blood, needs chocolate and CO2
Virulence-has LPS and capsule (a lot are unencapsulated though) type b is most virulent (6 serotypes of capsules)
Toxin-IgA protease, basically nothing
HTE-unencapsulated common URT flora, person to person and spreads or aspirates, 6 mo-2 yr, was most common meningitis cause but vaccine eradicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Haemophilus influenzae-Disease

A 
Unencapsulated infs (most common)-ot media (second to Strep pneum), sinusitis (adults), conjuntivitis (pink eye, aegyptius), chornic bronchitis/pneumonia in smokers
Invasive-type b normally, epiglottitis in 3-5 yr olds, cellulitis-6mo-2 yrs, pneumo 6mo-2 yrs (if a vaccinated kid gets it then they could be immune def)
Invasive systemic-type b in 6mo-2yr, septicemia-DIC, meningitis-unencap caused in adults with sinus trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Haemophilus influenzae-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-Direct exam of CSF or blood (gram neg), culture on chocolate with CO2, serotyping with commercial kits
Tx-invasive treat with third generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime), milder treat with TMP/SMX or ampicillin or FQs, amox for ot media
Prevention-Hib vaccine at 2, 4, 6 mo and is conjugated with various things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bordetella pertussis-Virulence, Toxin, HTE

A

Virulence-LPS, 0M prots (vaccine), fimbrial hemagglutinin (F-HA) major vaccine component
Toxin-pertussis toxin-inhibs monocytes and neutrophils by increasing cAMP and is part of vaccine, tracheal cytotoxin-inhibs cilliated cells and triggers inflammation, adenylate cyclase-even more cAMP
HTE-URT in diseased ppl (no carrier), person to person, newborn is very susceptible, can happen in older ppl but get mild cough, endemic disease with epidemics

24
Q

Bordetella pertussis-Disease

A

Two stages
Catarrhal stage-7-10 day incubation with mild symptoms of URI where invades all of URT, very contagious at this point for up to 2 weeks
Paroxysmal-progression to whooping cough, mucus can block infant airways, can cause seizures and secondary infs in infants that can be deadly, lasts 1-6 wks with decreasing communicability
Very common in mild cough form in immunized ppl, can spread to babies which is bad (if under 2 months)

25
Q

Bordetella pertussis-Dx, Tx and Prevention

A

Dx-pernasal and pharyngeal swabs and slow culture on special media, PCR much more common, kits are available
Tx-erthromycin (alt TMP/SMX)
Prevention-Acellular vaccine DTaP 2, 4, 6, 15 mo and decreased effective after 5 years so give booster of Tdap to preggers after 20 wks and old ppl, erythromycin prophylaxis

26
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Virulence, Toxin, HTE

A

Virulence-very resistant to disenfectants and antibiotics, has LPS and capsule
Toxins-lots of toxins that inhib phagocytes and damage tissue, has Pigments (blue) that can be diagnostic
HTE-in environment in water, sometimes hospital water resevoirs, on hands from contaminated stuff, nosocomial or community acquired, needs a host defense defect

27
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Disease

A

Nosocomial (immunocomp)-acute pneumo, septicemia, high mortality
CF pneumo-chronic progressive lung destruction, mucoid capsule, no bloodstream
Burn/wound infections-usually large third degree burns, spreads to bloodstream septicemia
UTI-catheter
Dermatitis-exposed to contaminated water continually, hot tubs, ear infections
Corneal infs-scratch in cornea
Endocarditis-bacteria injected into bloodstream, IV drug use

28
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-Culture, check antibiotic sensitivity
Tx-Resistant to a lot, use piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, doripenum/meropenem, ciproflaxacin, amikacin, 2drug therapy needed for serious life threatening, one of above plus tobramycin of FQs
Prevention-hand washing and no vaccines now (under development)

29
Q

Pseudomonas like stuff

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-nosocomial respiratory infection is CF pts
Burkholderia cepacia-nosoc respiratory CF pts
Burkholderia mallei-bioterrism research
Aeromonas hydrophila-wound infections contaminated with fresh water

30
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

pseudomonas like, U.S. soldiers in Iraq get it from soil and water and bring it back, nosocomial issue, lots of antibiotic resistances, treat with carbapenums (imipenum/merapenum/doripenum), FQs

31
Q

Legionella pneumophila-Virulence, Toxins, HTE

A

14 serotyps, 1 is most pathogenic
Virulence-gram neg rodsthat don’t stain well and don’t culture well (need Fe and L-cysteine), must grow intracell(macrophages and protozoans)
Toxins-some, not real important
HTE-in water protozoas, anywhere there is water, airborne infection, no human to human transmission

32
Q

Legionella pneumophila-Disease

A

Legionnaires disease-atypical pneumo, acute pneumo, incubate 2-10 days, fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, cough, chest pain, confusion, diarrhea
Pontiac fever-mild, self limited respiratory disease, rarely observed

33
Q

Legionella pneumophila-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-done as follow up when penic doesn’t work or culture is neg, culture has to be on special medium, urine antigen test for serotype 1 only so can miss, PCR but special
Tx-azithromycin, FQs
Prevention-no vaccine, monitor and disinfect water

34
Q

Cryptococcus, three different kinds and why they are different

A

C. neoformans with three versions-
neoformans-Northern hemisphere, minor immunocomp meningitis, found in pigeon droppings and usually AIDS associated
grubii-Northern hemisphere, pigeon droppings MAJOR AIDS related meningitis (or immunocomp)
gattii-west coast and subtropical areas, associated with eucalyptus and infects normal people causing pneumo/meningitis

35
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans-Virulence, Toxins, HTE

A

Virulence-basidiospores, only seen as a yeast in lab and pts, grows at 37C, polysaccharide capsule (can see with india ink)
Toxins-none
HTE-Pigeon droppings (gattii in eucalyptos), airborne trasnmittance, usually affects immunocomp (AIDS) but gattii can infect normal

36
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans-Disease

A

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis-start in lungs and is usually asymptomatic, get cryptococcomas (granulomas), can lead to pneumo with acute respiratory distress (less common in AIDS), fever, dyspnea, malaise, cough with little sputum (can confuse with PCP), can become latent and reactivate later (when immunocomp worsens)
CNS cryptococcosis-(most common in AIDS), meningitis that is subacute or chronic with symptoms appearing over 2-4 wks, headache and mental status change (sore neck less often), can get brain cryptococcomas, fatal without therapy, in normals usually develops after lung infection and lots of fatality even with treatment
Can have other, less common body site spreads (in AIDS usually)

37
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-Sample (CSF, blood, lung), must examine CSF, can test crytococcal antigen (very sensitive), can do microscopic with india ink, must do culture and see capsule
Tx-CNS-3 steps, iv amphotericin B and oral 5-flucytosine for 2 wks, oral flucanazole 8 wks, then lower dose possibly for life. Pulmonary-fluconazole or itraconazole 2-6 months or amphB
Prevention-No vaccine, antifungal prophylaxis in AIDS

38
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii-Virulence, Toxin, HTE

A

Virulence and Toxins-Nothing really, NO ergosterol and will not grow in vitro, life cycle has cyst and trophozoite form
HTE-thought to be a “normal” infection in pretty much everyone and is airborne everywhere, transmission via airborne, effects AIDS with CD4 below 200

39
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii-Disease

A 
Pneumocystis pneum (PCP)-subacute over 1-2 wks, fever, non productive cough, SOA, weight loss, night sweats, primarily attacks interstitium/fibrous tissue of lungs, normal CXR at first, but CT usually reveals diffuse interstitial thickening, leads to death
Extrapulmonary infection-rare and only seen in severe disease, very fatal, spreads via macrophages to anywhere
40
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-CXR and CT scan, samples from tissue, look for trophozoite and cyst form on microscope, PCR very helpful
Tx-no ergosterol so treatment very different, pentamidine used to work, antibacterial drugs are mostly used now for at least three wks, not acute use oral TMP-SMX, acutely ill use Prednisone and iv TMP-SMX
Prevention-no vaccine, prohphylaxis with TMP-SMX

41
Q

Aspergillus-Virulence, Toxin, HTE

A

Virulence-grows as filamentous mold with septate hyphae branching at 45 degree angles, gets airborne easily
Toxins-has lots, most important are aflatoxins, carcinogenic and hepatoxins but may or may not play a role in infection
HTE-it’s everywhere, and is airborne as are some of the toxins (aflatoxins especially), summer fall inhalation most common, rarely leads to disease other than anaphylaxis

42
Q

Aspergillus-Disease

A

Allergic rxs-most common, can affect normal ppl, UR allergies most common (hay fever), hypersensitivity can occur (farmers lung, malt workers, etc), Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is common in asthma or CF with coughing and brown plugs/mucus, fungal sinusitus can happen too.
Localized infections-think immunocomp, Aspergilloma-cavity in lung (previous scar) makes fungal ball. Chronic necrotizing Aspergillus Pneumo (CNAP) is not associated with previous cavity, subacute pneumo, confused with TB. Otomycosis-tropics, ear infection with “forest”. Skin/subcu inf-skin trauma, can get in to the blood.
Invasive Inf-severe immunocomp, can come from hospital construction, Invasive lung-widespread lung infection, not in cavities, symptoms mild but is life threatening. Bloodstream inf-spreads everywhere (brain, eye, etc), high mortality

43
Q

Aspergillus-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-CXR, CT, tissue samples, plating 45 degree, septate hyphae, culture is slow and may take a week, galactommannan antigen test (not great), skin test for ABPA, PCR best.
Tx-normal anti-allergy maybe with itraconazole, can treat other infections normally, but check resistance, surgically remove fungal balls and pus, Voricanazole used for invasive and do it QUICK, add more stuff QUICK if isn’t working
Prevention-no vaccine, HEPA filter, anti fungal prophylaxis

44
Q

Zygomycetes-what are they

A

Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Absidia, Mucor, Cunninghamella

Be able to recognize as zygomycetes, first one is most important

45
Q

Zygomycetes-Virulence, Toxins, HTE

A

Virulence-hyphae of large diameter, non septate, branching at 90 degrees, most do not grow at 37C
HTE-outside, airborne, eaten, traumatic implantation, immunocomp ppl are the target (diabetes, cancer, steroids, malnutrition, etc)

46
Q

Zygomycetes-Disease

A

Black Pus from angioinvasion and necrosis etc
Rhinocerebral-most common, nose then eyes, sinuses, brain, fever, head pain, bulging eyes, black necrotic lesions on hard palate and nasal mucosa
Pulmonary-fever, cough, chest pain, SOA, angioinvasion leads to infarct and cavitation with hemoptysis, segmental consolidation
Disseminated-following pulmonary, spread via blood to anywhere (usually CNS)
Cutaneous-necrotic lesions that grown down or can come up from blood
GI-rare, necrotic ulcers with ischemia and gut gangrene

47
Q

Zygomycetes-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-tissue samples, microscope, culture is fast growing but only positive in a quarter
Tx-BE AGGRESSIVE! surgery, control of immuno issue, antifungal therapy-AmphB, Posaconazole (oral), capsofungin with AmphB
Prevention-No

48
Q

Mycobacterium related stuff (3)

A

Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare (MAC)-not pigemented, cause pulmonary disease in AIDS, treat with azithromycin and rifabutin and ethambutol, prophylax azith plus/minus rifab
Nocardia-long rods, filaments with branching, causes chronic lung abceses and brain abcesses (AIDS and transplant pts)
Rhodococcus-short rods and cocci, chronic lung disease in AIDS

49
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Virulence, Toxins, HTE

A

Virulence-slender, straight or pleomoprhic curved rods, acid fast, obligate aerobe but takes weeks to grow on special media, grow in macrophages, have cell wall “outer membrane” with glycolipids (mycolic acids), PPD(tuberculin)
HTE-pathogen in ppl, cattle and others, person to person through air or lots of contact with infected animal, 1/3 of world infected, less in US, extremely infectious

50
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Disease

A

Primary Inf-not infectious, intracellular multiply, spread to lymph nodes, bloodstream dissemination
Tubercule formation-not infectious, cellular immunity starts to work, hypersensitive to PPD, granuloma forms, quiet and asymptomatic infection
Secondary or reinfection-infectious, renewed intracell multiplication causes inflammation which can split open caseuos necrosed centers and pour bacteria into bronchus for spreading, insidious onset with fever, fatigue, anorexia, night sweats, wasting, cough and sputum variable but usually worse prognosis
Extrapulmonary (miliary) TB-life threatening, bacteria get to blood, spread everywhere, meningitis very serious

51
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Dx, Tx, Prevention

A

Dx-CXR, acid fast stain, culture on Lowenstein-Jensen or Middlebrook (wks), PPD skin or a blood test (PPD innacurate for HIV+, use blood), nucleic acid amplification test detects active disease in respiratory specimens
Tx-1rst line drugs-isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, there are 2nd line, MDR resists at least 2 1rst line, XDR same plus at least three 2nd line, WHO recommends Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) for all pts
Prevention-routine PPDs, isoniazid prophylaxis for at least 9mos if +PPD, BCG vaccine (live attenuated of M. bovis), another vaccine coming maybe

52
Q

Penicillium marneffei

A

AIDS pts, penicilliosis, endemic in Thailand, Myanmar (burma), vietnam, cambodia, malaysia, northern india, hong kong, southern china, not in US but watch for AIDS ppl who travel, Tx-AmphoB followed by Itraconazole (10 wks to forever)

53
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum-HTE, disease(5), Dx, Tx

A

HTE-worldwide but mainly Oh and Mississippi River valleys, filamentous molds at room temp and yeast at body temp, soil, inhale spores
Disease-Very common in US, extent of disease based on number of spores inhaled and immune response, sort of resemble TB with intramacrophage growth and granulomas, 5 types-Asymptomatic infection-90% of ppl. Mild flu like-similar to above but with self limited flu like symptoms. Acute pulmonary histo-diffuse or localized pneumonitis with granulomas that develop 2-3 wk after exposure, fever, chills, cough, chest pain, SOA, immunocomp, acute pericarditis possible. Chronic (cavitary) pulmo histo-old COPD, re-activation of latent inf, get large cavities of lungs, fatal if untreated. Disseminated-immuncomp and young, AIDS with CD4<150, parox normal middle to old men, fatal without Tx
Dx-CXR, CT, tissue sample, micro look for yeasts, cultures are slow (wks), antigen detection urine or blood
Tx-takes wks-yrs, moderate Itraconazole, severe pulmo Lipo AmphoB, disseminated longer AmphoB, prophylaxis AIDS

54
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis-HTE, disease(5), Dx, Tx

A

HTE-Worldwide but mainly Oh, Mississippi, Missouri/Wisonsin and Arkansas, mold at room temp yeast at body temp, soil, inhale spores
Disease-hits normals, TB like but with cutaneous forms, 5 types-Asymptomatic-50%. Mild flu like-self limited mild flu symptoms. Acute pulmo-acute illness resembling bact pneumo. Chronic pulmo-chronic with low grade fever, productive cough, night sweats and weight loss. Disseminated-usually to skin, can be only presenting illness
Dx-CXR, CT, tissue sample, micro yeast, culture is slow (wks)
Tx-AmphoB(1-2 wks) then Itraconazole (6-12 mos), can prophylax but not common

55
Q

Cocciodioides immitis-HTE, disease(4), Dx, Tx

A

HTE-southwestern US (cali), mold at room temp and yeast in body, soil, inhale spores
Disease-Valley fever, hits normals, replicating giant spherules in the lungs, 4 types-Asymptomatic. Mild flu like-self limited mild flu, 60% in first two. Moderate respiratory-30-40%, acute illness similar to bact pneumo. Disseminated-usually to skin, meningitis happens and is most lethal complication
Dx-CXR, CT, tissue sample, micro spherules, culture is slow (wks), IgM titers useful
Tx-moderate Itraconazole or Fluconazole (3-13 mos), severe AmphoB(lipo+-) followed bu one of above (at least 1 yr), meningitis Fluconazole or AmphB or Voriconazole (1yr to indef), can phrophylax but not common

Med School (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions