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MCDone > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What can be detected relating to virus

A

Infectious virus isolated
Protein components
Genetic components
Host response

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2
Q

How could isolated virus be detected

A

Cell culture

Electron microscopy

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3
Q

What is problem of assays

A

Likely to give false positives and false negatives

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4
Q

What is sensitivity

A

Likelihhood of test to pick up positive results

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5
Q

What is specificity

A

Likelihood of test to pick up negative results

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6
Q

Samples taken for resp viruses and what test is carried out on them

A 
Throat swab
Nasopharyngeal aspirate and swab
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Endotracheal tube secretions
PCR carried out
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7
Q

Samples taken for rotavirus, adenovirus and norovirus + the test carried out on them

A

Stool sample

PCR nad antigen detection

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8
Q

Samples taken for BK virus and aenovirus + test carried out on sample

A

Urine

PCR

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9
Q

Samples taken for herpes and enteroviruses + test carried out

A

CSF

PCR

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10
Q

What samples can be taken taken to carry out serology

A

Clotted blood

Saliva

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11
Q

What sample is taken for viral load testing

A

EDTA blood

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12
Q

Other than viral load testing what else can EDTA blood be used for

A

PCR

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13
Q

Process of HIV serology

A

4th generation EIA: Ab + p24 Ag detection
All reactive samples undergo confirmatory testing in a second assay to exclude non-specific reactivity (false positives)
Confirmed positives undergo typing (HIV 1 vs 2)
Repeat blood sample + EDTA blood for HIV viral load required from all new +ves

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14
Q

Problems with viral isolation in cell culture

A

Slow and time consuming

Only used in reference labs now

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15
Q

What can viral isolation in cell culture be useful for

A

Phenotypic antivrial susceptibility testing

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16
Q

Samples needed for electron microscopy

A

Stool and vesicle fluids

HOWEVER very rarely used

17
Q

How to detect enterovirus (sample and method)

A

Stool and throat swab -> PCR

18
Q

CNS diseases caused by viruses

A

Meningitis

Encephalitis

19
Q

Difference in IgM and IgG

A

IgM produced immediately in first response and persist for 10-14 days.
IgG persists for life from during middle of first exposure

20
Q

What is antibody avidity

A

Stability of antibody to antigen

21
Q

Use of sequencing

A

Antiviral resistance testing

22
Q

When is immunofluorescence best used

A

Resp infections

23
Q

Disadvantages of immunofluoresce

A

Very skilled technician needed and good sample needed

MCDone (43 decks)

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