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microbio uliana > virology > Flashcards

virology Flashcards

1
Q

the most abundant life form

in the human body.

A

Bacteriophage

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2
Q

what diseases can viruses cause?

A

Viruses can cause acute, persistent and recurrent diseases

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3
Q

integrated endogenous retroviruses

A

part of our genetic material. Our chromosomes contain large amounts of ancient viral DNA
accumulated during evolution.
(Retroviruses are the
family to which HIV belongs.)

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4
Q

whats virus?

A

RNA or DNA genome wrapped in a protein coat
and frequently also a lipid coat.
-obligate intracellular parassite

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5
Q

viruses replication

A

de novo assembly of preformed components
( not like bacteria)
virion->viral genome->viral components->new virions

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6
Q

ancient viruses

A 
polio
smallpox
(hep B)
rabies
measles
yellow fever
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7
Q

germ theory

A

was’t acceptable until mid-late 1800s

the idea is that we are sick by the infectious agents

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8
Q 
Recent emergent viral diseases
North America:
• HIV/AIDS 
• Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 
• West Nile virus encephalitis 
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 
• Ebola 
• Zika
A

• HIV/AIDS (HIV-1 is from chimpanzees)
• Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (rats and mice)
• West Nile virus encephalitis (birds, mosquitos)
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (civets)
• Ebola (probably bats)
• Zika (nonhuman primates, mosquitos
These are all zoonotic transmissions

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9
Q

acute flaccid myelitis, or AFM

A

it is caused by a

virus called EV-D68

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10
Q

• Phylogeny:

A

Viruses are classified into families, genera and species (and strains, clades).

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11
Q

Capsid structure

A

icosahedral, helical, complex

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12
Q

viruses can be divided by the viral genome

A

RNA or DNA in the virion
Segmented or non-segmented
single or double stranded
(+) sense or (–) sense

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13
Q

dna viruses

A

Herpes
Adeno
Papova
Poxvirus

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14
Q

2 things that virus does

A
  1. make a genome in nucleus or cytoplasm

2. make a varion to pack that genome

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15
Q

capsid

A

is a protein coat around the genome of the virus

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16
Q

envelope

A
  • capsid+lipid bilayer
  • have spikes(envelope proteins=envelope glycoproteins)
  • bud from cell or intracellular membrane( cell dies or survives)

Ex: Herpesvirus
HIV1
Influenza

17
Q

naked virus

A
  • capsid only
  • mostly emerge from cells by cell lysis (cell dies)
  • have spikes for binding

Ex: Adenovirus
Picornavirus

18
Q

Envelope proteins

A

-mediate attachment and entry of
enveloped viruses into cells and are the major determinant
of cell tropism.
-major viral antigens.

19
Q

nucleocapsid

A

capsid + viral genome

This is true for both naked and enveloped viruses

20
Q

enveloped viruses Sensitive to:

A

detergents
heat
drying
bleach

spread by: direct contact, saliva, blood, sex

21
Q

naked viruses Can be resistant to:

A 
detergents
heat
drying
pH
proteases

spread by
-contact with surfaces,
-poorly sanitized water.
- often spread via fecal-oral route:
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Poliovirus, Rotavirus, Coxsackie Virus.
Rhinoviruses are spread by intake of nasal mucous.

22
Q

Icosahedral capsid

A
  • most animal viruses have an icosahedral capsid(20 sides)
    -Best way to maximize internal volume with minimal number of similar subunits.
    -12 vertices - with 5 fold symmetry
    -Pentons make up the vertices (5 fold symmetry, curved)
    -Hexons make up the sides( 6 fold symmetry, flat)
    Ex: Gastroenteritis (GASP)
    Adenovirus
    Strep throat
    Pneumonia
23
Q

helical capsid

A
  • human helical viruses all have RNA genomes
    e.g. influenza virus
    tobacco mosaic virus
    paramyxovirus
    rhabdovirus
24
Q

Complex

A
  • pox viruses - helical structure plus
    some other structures that are not
    understood.
25
Q

Naked icosahedral:

A 
Rhinoviruses, 
Enteroviruses, 
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
Adenoviruses,
Poliovirus,
Papillomaviruses,

(rehapp)

26
Q

Enveloped icosahedral:

A 
Retroviruses,
Yellow Fever Virus
Herpes Viruses,, 
HBV, 
HCV

(ryhhh)

27
Q

Naked helical:

A

Tobacco Mosaic Virus -

28
Q

Enveloped helical:

A

Influenza
Rabies Virus,
Ebola virus

29
Q

bacteriophage

A

icosahedral head+helical body

microbio uliana (7 decks)

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