MMR

Question 1

Enveloped viruses can exit cells via :

Answer 1

budding or

via reverse endocytosis (e.g. herpesiviruses).

Question 2

reverse endocytosis of HSV

Answer 2

1. primary envelopment (perinuclear space)
2. de-envelopment ( cytoplasm)
3. secondary envelopment (Golgi/ TGN)
4. direct exocytosis (plasma membrane and out)

Question 3

HSV1 can be reactivated in

Answer 3

oral and nasal mucosa, really in tears

Question 4

what type of viruses are MM?

Answer 4

RNA
-ss
paramyxovirus(family)
helical
segmented
enveloped

Question 5

rubella?

Answer 5

RNA
\+ss
Togavirus(family)
Icos
enveloped

Question 6

Mumps

Answer 6

spread by coughing and saliva contact
childhood infection.
Swelling of the parotid salivary glands (parotitis) and epithelial tissues and occasionally deafness.
Mumps virus infects tissues all over the body, including pancreas, testes, ovaries.
Symptoms last about a week: Fever, headache, muscle pain, fatigue, parotitis
MMR vaccine - Measles Mumps Rubella
MMRV vaccine - Measles Mumps Rubella VZV
Live, attenuated viruses.
First dose at 9-15 month,
2nd at 15 mo. - 6 yrs

Question 7

Measles= Rebeolla

Answer 7

Humans are the only natural hosts of the virus
spread by coughing and sneezing via close personal contact
or direct contact with secretions.

Question 8

measles mechanism

Answer 8

Macrophages are the first cells infected in airway.
They to lymph nodes-> virus spreads systemically.
T cells and dendritic cells are infected - immune damage, reach the spleen and liver and skin.
Epithelial cells in airways become infected and release virus for spread to new hosts.

Question 9

measles clinical course

Answer 9

90% of non-resistant cohabitors will contract the virus.
Symptoms appear 7-14 days after infection. Last 7-10 days.
Person is contagious several days prior to rash
High fever (ca. 104° F)
Koplik’s spots in mouth - temporary
Flu-like symptoms: malaise, cough, loss of appetite
Rash
Complications: Immunity is weakened.
diarrhea, pneumonia - direct or bacterial
eye infections - corneal scarring
death: 0.3% in US, 2-5% in developing countries

Question 10

Rubella=Germn measles

Answer 10

usually mild, with flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph
nodes and a red rash (rubella means “little red” in Latin).
Can be serious for the child if mother is infected during
pregnancy, resulting in miscarriage or congenital rubella
syndrome, which can have developmental, hearing and
eyesight defects - cataracts.
Spread is through aerosol - coughing etc.

Question 11

Mumps, Measles and Rubella

Answer 11

Cause acute infections and not chronic infections
These viruses are cleared from the body when symptoms
are gone