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Virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phase of viral growth curve: virus decreases in number but continues to function

A

Phase 2 (Decline)

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2
Q

Phase of viral growth curve: remarkable amplification in number of viral particles leading to marked derangement of cell function leading to lysis and cell death

A

Phase 5 (Cytopathic effect)

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3
Q

Detection of viral antigens may be done via:

A

PCR (gold standard) to detect viral DNA or RNA; or ELISA to detect viral proteins/antigens commonly used in diagnosis

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4
Q

Enumerate vaccines that induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity but may revert to virulence on rare occasions

A 
Live-attenuated vaccines:
BCG
MMR
Measles
VZV
Rotavirus
Influenza (Intranasal)
Typhoid (Oral)
Oral Polio (Sabin)
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5
Q

Virus under family Paramyxoviridae involving the tender swelling of parotids which may lead to orchitis and meningitis is primarily transmitted by:

A

Respiratory droplets (initially as an URTI, then travels to lymph nodes to affect parotids, testes, meninges); (Mumps virus)

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6
Q

Virus implicated as the most common cause of viral pneumonia and the most important cause of bronchiolitis in children is classified under family

A

Paramyxoviridae (Respiratory Syncitial virus)

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7
Q

Define: WHO Rabies guidelines Category II classification and corresponding treatment for post-exposure prophylaxis

A

Classification:
• nibbling of uncovered skin
• minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding
• licks on broken skin

Treatment: Rabies vaccine only

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8
Q

Phase of viral growth curve: amount of detectable viruses reaches a plateau

A

Phase 4 (Latent period)

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9
Q

This is an enveloped, positive polarity, ssRNA with prominent club-shaped spikes that binds to ACE-2 receptor causing a fatal form of atypical pneumonia rapidly progressing to ARDS

A

Coronavirus; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

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10
Q

Member of the family flaviviridae known as the most prevalent blood-borne pathogen and the main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

A

Hepatitis C virus

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11
Q

Blackwater fever: Anopheles flavirostris minimus

Breakbone fever:

A

Aedes egypti

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12
Q

Pregnant women infected by this naked, ssDNA virus may have varying fetal effects depending on the age of pregnancy. What is its effect on the fetus in cases of a 1st trimester/2nd trimester infection?

A

1st trimester: fetal death
2nd trimester: hydrops fetalis
(Parvovirus B19; the only DNA virus with a ssDNA)

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13
Q

The causative organism of Fifth disease may also produce a chronic infection which manifests as?

A

Pancytopenia in immunocompromised patients (Chronic Parvovirus B19 infection; Fifth disease: slapped-cheeks with fever, coryza and sore throat)

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14
Q

What GUT-related side effect of Cyclophosphamide is also part of the spectrum of diseases caused by this virus, characterized by the presence of a unique “spike” with each Penton base of its capsid? (Penton fiber)

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis (Adenovirus); may also cause pharyngoconjunctival fever, atypical pneumonia

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15
Q

While browsing the net, you came across the term “Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions”. Being an integrative, brilliant and soon-to-be licensed physician, you remembered that this is associated with what 2 viruses?

A

Adenovirus, Poliovirus 👍🏼

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16
Q

This member of the PicoRNAviridae family, transmitted via the oral-fecal route, is the most common cause of viral myocarditis, pericarditis and aseptic meningitis

A

Coxsackie virus

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17
Q

Being such a curious, soon-to-be licensed physician, you read about intranuclear inclusions. You read that this DNA virus has large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions, otherwise known as Cowdry type A. What is this virus?

A

Herpes simplex virus

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18
Q

These genes are responsible for the malignant potential exhibited by this virus, which is also known to cause the most common viral sexually-transmitted disease.

A

Genes E6 and E7, Human Papilloma virus causing genital warts

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19
Q

Your friend is bragging about everything he knows regarding herpes virus. Being a well-rounded soon-to-become licensed doctor, aside from Herpes simplex virus, other medically significant members of the family herpesviridae include:

A

Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-barr virus
Varicella-zoster virus

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20
Q

Temporal lobe encephalitis is associated with:

A

Herpes simplex virus (Type 1)

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21
Q

Your mentor said to remember these 3 things about the use of Acyclovir as treatment in Herpes infection:

A
  • shortens the duration of lesions
  • reduces the extent of shedding of the virus
  • no effect on latent state
22
Q

Incubation period of this disease which commonly presents with a characteristic rash described as “dewdrops on a rose petal”

A

14-21 days/2-3 weeks (Varicella-zoster virus)

23
Q

Spectrum of disease (VZV)

Dorsal root ganglion: Herpes zoster
Geniculate ganglion:

A

Herpes zoster oticus aka Ramsay Hunt syndrome (involvement of geniculate ganglion causes facial nerve paralysis)

Herpes zoster (reactivated lesions of latent virus in the dorsal root ganglion)

24
Q

Enveloped virus with icosahedral nucleocapsid and linear dsDNA, positive heterophil test. You know that this can only pertain to what virus?

A

Epstein-barr virus;
(+) Heterophil test - EBV
(-) Heterophil test - CMV, Toxoplasma, Rubella and marami pang iba :))

25
Q

Foscarnet may be used to treat this condition, which is also the most common cause of blindness in HIV patients

A

CMV retinitis

26
Q

A neonate presents with microcephaly, jaundice, seizures and a characteristic purpuric, blueberry muffin-like rash. Most probably the patient’s mother acquired what infection during which trimester?

A

CMV infection during the 1st trimester, leading to congenital CMV infection (most common cause of congenital abnormalities)

27
Q

Can you spot the not?

Burkitt's lymphoma in Africans
Kaposi's sarcoma
Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients
B-cell lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese
A

Human herpesvirus-8-related:
Kaposi’s sarcoma

Epstein-barr virus-related:
• Burkitt's lymphoma in Africans
• Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients
• B-cell lymphoma
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese
28
Q

CD 21: receptor for EBV

CD 4: receptor for

A

HIV

29
Q

Variola virus: Guarneri bodies

Molluscum contagiosum virus:

A

Henderson-Peterson bodies (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions)

30
Q

Which would most probably present with an intracytoplasmic inclusion?

Rabies
Chicken pox
Abortive poliomyelitis
Temporal lobe encephalitis

A

Rabies (Negri bodies)

Intracytoplasmic:
• Smallpox (Guarneri bodies),
• Molluscum contagiosum (Henderson-Peterson bodies)

Intranuclear:
• Herpes simplex (Cowdry A)
• Adenovirus/Polio (Cowdry B)
• Chicken pox (Multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions)
• CMV infection (Owl's eye)
31
Q

This vitamin may be given to reduce severity of Damson disease

A

Vitamin A (reduces severity of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

32
Q

Which among the following is not a DNA virus 😏

Pox virus
Polio virus
Parvovirus
Polyoma virus
Papilloma virus
A

Polio virus (PicoRNAviridae)

DNA viruses:
• HepaDNA
• Herpes
• Adeno
• Parvo
• Polyoma
• Papilloma
• Pox
33
Q

Which among the hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus?

A

Hepatitis B (Hep A, C, D and E are all RNA viruses)

34
Q

Anong cheese ang kinakain gamit ang thumb? 😏

A

Edi.. Polli-cheese 👍🏼 HAHA kthxbye

35
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

36
Q

Single stranded non enveloped DNA virus replicates in

A

Human erythrocyte precursors (Parvovirus)

37
Q

Which among the following infect both humans and monkeys?
A. JCV
B. BKV
C. SV40

A

SV40 (JCV and BKV infect only humans)

38
Q

A demyelinating disease of the white matter in a patchy distribution

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JCV)

39
Q

Hallmark of Papillomavirus infection

A

Induction of cellular proliferation

40
Q

Site of Latency

HSV1: Trigeminal Ganglia
HSV2:

A

Sacral ganglia

41
Q

Allows for antigenic discrimination between HSV1 and HSV2

A

Glycoprotein G

42
Q

Mode of transmission of Varicella Zoster virus

A

Airborne

43
Q

3 viruses transmitted through airborne route:

A

Varicella, measles, influenza

44
Q

Causative agent of a high grade fever that persists for 3-7 days followed by appearance of erythematous rash once fever resolves

A

Human Herpesvirus-6 (Roseola infantum/Exanthum subitum)

45
Q

Major target cells of “kissing disease”

A

B-Lymphocyte (EBV)

46
Q

Interpret:

HbsAg (-)
Anti-HBs (+)
Anti-HBc (-)

A

Vaccine type response

47
Q

Interpret:

HbsAg (-)
Anti-HBs (+)
Anti-HBc (+)

A

Previous HBV infection and immunity to Hep B

48
Q

Interpret:

HbsAg (+)
Anti-HBs (-)
Anti-HBc (-)

A

Early acute HBV infection

49
Q

Give 3 etiologic agents of bronchiolitis:

A

Parainfluenza - all ages
Adenovirus
RSV - infants and young children

50
Q

Most common pathogens for croup:

A

Parainfluenza 1&2

51
Q

Glycoprotein required for attachment of Influenza virus to host-cell membrane

A

Hemagglutinin (HA as in hawak 👍🏼)

52
Q

Glycoprotein required for release of virus from infected cells

A

Neuraminidase (NA)

Microbiology (6 decks)

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