Virology Flashcards
Phase of viral growth curve: virus decreases in number but continues to function
Phase 2 (Decline)
Phase of viral growth curve: remarkable amplification in number of viral particles leading to marked derangement of cell function leading to lysis and cell death
Phase 5 (Cytopathic effect)
Detection of viral antigens may be done via:
PCR (gold standard) to detect viral DNA or RNA; or ELISA to detect viral proteins/antigens commonly used in diagnosis
Enumerate vaccines that induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity but may revert to virulence on rare occasions
Live-attenuated vaccines: BCG MMR Measles VZV Rotavirus Influenza (Intranasal) Typhoid (Oral) Oral Polio (Sabin)
Virus under family Paramyxoviridae involving the tender swelling of parotids which may lead to orchitis and meningitis is primarily transmitted by:
Respiratory droplets (initially as an URTI, then travels to lymph nodes to affect parotids, testes, meninges); (Mumps virus)
Virus implicated as the most common cause of viral pneumonia and the most important cause of bronchiolitis in children is classified under family
Paramyxoviridae (Respiratory Syncitial virus)
Define: WHO Rabies guidelines Category II classification and corresponding treatment for post-exposure prophylaxis
Classification:
• nibbling of uncovered skin
• minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding
• licks on broken skin
Treatment: Rabies vaccine only
Phase of viral growth curve: amount of detectable viruses reaches a plateau
Phase 4 (Latent period)
This is an enveloped, positive polarity, ssRNA with prominent club-shaped spikes that binds to ACE-2 receptor causing a fatal form of atypical pneumonia rapidly progressing to ARDS
Coronavirus; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Member of the family flaviviridae known as the most prevalent blood-borne pathogen and the main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hepatitis C virus
Blackwater fever: Anopheles flavirostris minimus
Breakbone fever:
Aedes egypti
Pregnant women infected by this naked, ssDNA virus may have varying fetal effects depending on the age of pregnancy. What is its effect on the fetus in cases of a 1st trimester/2nd trimester infection?
1st trimester: fetal death
2nd trimester: hydrops fetalis
(Parvovirus B19; the only DNA virus with a ssDNA)
The causative organism of Fifth disease may also produce a chronic infection which manifests as?
Pancytopenia in immunocompromised patients (Chronic Parvovirus B19 infection; Fifth disease: slapped-cheeks with fever, coryza and sore throat)
What GUT-related side effect of Cyclophosphamide is also part of the spectrum of diseases caused by this virus, characterized by the presence of a unique “spike” with each Penton base of its capsid? (Penton fiber)
Hemorrhagic cystitis (Adenovirus); may also cause pharyngoconjunctival fever, atypical pneumonia
While browsing the net, you came across the term “Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions”. Being an integrative, brilliant and soon-to-be licensed physician, you remembered that this is associated with what 2 viruses?
Adenovirus, Poliovirus 👍🏼
This member of the PicoRNAviridae family, transmitted via the oral-fecal route, is the most common cause of viral myocarditis, pericarditis and aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie virus
Being such a curious, soon-to-be licensed physician, you read about intranuclear inclusions. You read that this DNA virus has large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusions, otherwise known as Cowdry type A. What is this virus?
Herpes simplex virus
These genes are responsible for the malignant potential exhibited by this virus, which is also known to cause the most common viral sexually-transmitted disease.
Genes E6 and E7, Human Papilloma virus causing genital warts
Your friend is bragging about everything he knows regarding herpes virus. Being a well-rounded soon-to-become licensed doctor, aside from Herpes simplex virus, other medically significant members of the family herpesviridae include:
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-barr virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Temporal lobe encephalitis is associated with:
Herpes simplex virus (Type 1)
Your mentor said to remember these 3 things about the use of Acyclovir as treatment in Herpes infection:
- shortens the duration of lesions
- reduces the extent of shedding of the virus
- no effect on latent state
Incubation period of this disease which commonly presents with a characteristic rash described as “dewdrops on a rose petal”
14-21 days/2-3 weeks (Varicella-zoster virus)
Spectrum of disease (VZV)
Dorsal root ganglion: Herpes zoster
Geniculate ganglion:
Herpes zoster oticus aka Ramsay Hunt syndrome (involvement of geniculate ganglion causes facial nerve paralysis)
Herpes zoster (reactivated lesions of latent virus in the dorsal root ganglion)
Enveloped virus with icosahedral nucleocapsid and linear dsDNA, positive heterophil test. You know that this can only pertain to what virus?
Epstein-barr virus;
(+) Heterophil test - EBV
(-) Heterophil test - CMV, Toxoplasma, Rubella and marami pang iba :))
Foscarnet may be used to treat this condition, which is also the most common cause of blindness in HIV patients
CMV retinitis
A neonate presents with microcephaly, jaundice, seizures and a characteristic purpuric, blueberry muffin-like rash. Most probably the patient’s mother acquired what infection during which trimester?
CMV infection during the 1st trimester, leading to congenital CMV infection (most common cause of congenital abnormalities)
Can you spot the not?
Burkitt's lymphoma in Africans Kaposi's sarcoma Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients B-cell lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese
Human herpesvirus-8-related:
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Epstein-barr virus-related: • Burkitt's lymphoma in Africans • Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients • B-cell lymphoma • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese
CD 21: receptor for EBV
CD 4: receptor for
HIV
Variola virus: Guarneri bodies
Molluscum contagiosum virus:
Henderson-Peterson bodies (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions)
Which would most probably present with an intracytoplasmic inclusion?
Rabies
Chicken pox
Abortive poliomyelitis
Temporal lobe encephalitis
Rabies (Negri bodies)
Intracytoplasmic:
• Smallpox (Guarneri bodies),
• Molluscum contagiosum (Henderson-Peterson bodies)
Intranuclear: • Herpes simplex (Cowdry A) • Adenovirus/Polio (Cowdry B) • Chicken pox (Multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions) • CMV infection (Owl's eye)
This vitamin may be given to reduce severity of Damson disease
Vitamin A (reduces severity of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)
Which among the following is not a DNA virus 😏
Pox virus Polio virus Parvovirus Polyoma virus Papilloma virus
Polio virus (PicoRNAviridae)
DNA viruses: • HepaDNA • Herpes • Adeno • Parvo • Polyoma • Papilloma • Pox
Which among the hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus?
Hepatitis B (Hep A, C, D and E are all RNA viruses)
Anong cheese ang kinakain gamit ang thumb? 😏
Edi.. Polli-cheese 👍🏼 HAHA kthxbye
Viruses that infect bacteria
Bacteriophage
Single stranded non enveloped DNA virus replicates in
Human erythrocyte precursors (Parvovirus)
Which among the following infect both humans and monkeys?
A. JCV
B. BKV
C. SV40
SV40 (JCV and BKV infect only humans)
A demyelinating disease of the white matter in a patchy distribution
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JCV)
Hallmark of Papillomavirus infection
Induction of cellular proliferation
Site of Latency
HSV1: Trigeminal Ganglia
HSV2:
Sacral ganglia
Allows for antigenic discrimination between HSV1 and HSV2
Glycoprotein G
Mode of transmission of Varicella Zoster virus
Airborne
3 viruses transmitted through airborne route:
Varicella, measles, influenza
Causative agent of a high grade fever that persists for 3-7 days followed by appearance of erythematous rash once fever resolves
Human Herpesvirus-6 (Roseola infantum/Exanthum subitum)
Major target cells of “kissing disease”
B-Lymphocyte (EBV)
Interpret:
HbsAg (-)
Anti-HBs (+)
Anti-HBc (-)
Vaccine type response
Interpret:
HbsAg (-)
Anti-HBs (+)
Anti-HBc (+)
Previous HBV infection and immunity to Hep B
Interpret:
HbsAg (+)
Anti-HBs (-)
Anti-HBc (-)
Early acute HBV infection
Give 3 etiologic agents of bronchiolitis:
Parainfluenza - all ages
Adenovirus
RSV - infants and young children
Most common pathogens for croup:
Parainfluenza 1&2
Glycoprotein required for attachment of Influenza virus to host-cell membrane
Hemagglutinin (HA as in hawak 👍🏼)
Glycoprotein required for release of virus from infected cells
Neuraminidase (NA)
