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MICRO > ✅Virology > Flashcards

✅Virology Flashcards

1
Q

All helical viruses are ______

A

Enveloped

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2
Q

All enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from the plasma membrane except ______ (nuclear membrane)

A

Herpesvirus

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3
Q

Paradox of the envelope

A

Enveloped viruses are less stable and easily inactivated

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4
Q

Mnemonic for naked viruses

A

Naked during CPR AND PAPP Smear

Rna viruses

Calici
Picorna
Reo

Dna viruses

Polyoma
Papilloma
Adeno
Parvo

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5
Q

Single stranded dna virus

A

Parvovirus

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6
Q

Double stranded RNA virus

A

Reovirus

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7
Q

All viruses are haploid except

A

Retroviruses

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8
Q

Viruses contain either DNA and RNA except

A

Mimivirus (contains both)

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9
Q

Genomes of rna viruseses can either be

A

Negative sense or positive sense

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10
Q

Mnemonic

Viruses with segmented genomes

A

BOAR

Bunyaviruses
Orthomyxo (influenza)
Arenavirus
Reovirus

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11
Q

Mnemonic

Negative strand RNA virus

A

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

Arena
Bunya
Paramyxo
Orthomyxo
Filo
Rhabdo
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12
Q

Viral genetics

____ causes epidemics. Cite an example

A

Genetic reassortment

Influenza

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13
Q

One virus produces a protein that can be used by another virus

A

Complementation

Ex. Hep B and D

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14
Q

Phenotypic mixing happens when

A

2 different viruses infect the same cell

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15
Q

Viral growth curve phases

A

6 phases (with phase 0)

Phase 0 - entry
Phase 1 - decline
2 - eclipse
3 - rise
4 - latent
5 - cytopathic effect
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16
Q

Viral virulence factors

A

Cytokine decoys
Virokones - dec expression of APCs and inactivate complement
Antigenic variants

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17
Q

Gold standard in viral diagnosis

A

Presence of viral DNA or RNA

Ex PCR

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18
Q

Only live attenuated vaccine that may be given to HIV patients

A

MMR

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19
Q

Mnemonic: Live attenuated vaccines

A

Yellow chickens being vaccinated with sabin’s and mmr

Yellow fever
Chicken pox VZV
sabin polio
MMR

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20
Q

Killed polio vaccine mnemonic

A

salK = Killed

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21
Q

Killed vaccines mnemonic

A

RIP Always

Rabies
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
Hep A

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22
Q

Mnemonic DNAviruses

A

DNA viruses are HHAPPPPy viruses

Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Polyoma
Papilloma
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23
Q

Only virus with fiber

A

Adenovirus

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24
Q

What do you call the fiber in adenovirus

A

Penton fiber

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25
Q

HPV infects squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles called

A

Koilocytes

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26
Q

Genes of HPV that encode proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes

A

Genes E6 and E7

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27
Q

The polyomaviruses only cause disease in the _____ hosts

A

Immunocompromised

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28
Q

HPV subtypes causing skin and plantar warts

A

HPV 1-4

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29
Q

HPV subtypes causing genital warts (condyloma acuminata)

A

HPV 6 and 11

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30
Q

HPV subtypes causing cervix, penis, anus carcinoma

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

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31
Q

Treatment for genital warts

A

Podophyllin

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32
Q

Treatment for skin warts

A

Liquid nitrogen

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33
Q

Treatment for plantar warts

A

Salicylic acid

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34
Q

Polyoma virus that cause hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy

A

BK polyoma virus

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35
Q

Polyoma virus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with aids

A

JC polyoma virus

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36
Q

Mnemonics Herpesviruses

A

Get Herpes on a CHEVrolet

CMV
HSV
EBV
VZV

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37
Q

Site of latency of HSV-1 and 2

A

Hsv 1 - trigeminl ganglia

Hsv 2 lumbosacral ganglia

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38
Q

Multinucleated giant cells are seen on Tzanck smear in HSV

A

Cowdry type A

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39
Q

Encephalitis in HSV-1 vs japanese B encephalitis

A

Hsv-1 temporal lobe enceph

Jap B enceph- thalamic enceph

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40
Q

Hsv 1 on the fingers

A

Herpetic whitlow

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41
Q

Hsv on the trunk

A

Herpes gladiatorum

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42
Q

DOC for HSV

A

Acyclovir

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43
Q

Treatment for VZV

A

Acyclovir

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44
Q

Uses of aspirin in pediatric disease

A

Kawasaki
JRA
ARF

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45
Q

Incubation period of varicella

A

14-21 days

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46
Q

Involvement of the geniculate ganglion and causes facial nerve paralysis in varicella zoster

A

Ramsay hunt syndrome

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47
Q

Other name for ramsay hunt syndrome

A

Herpes zoster oticus

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48
Q

CMV is cultured in

A

Shell tubes

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49
Q

Heterophil test result in cmv

A

Heterophil negative

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50
Q

Most common viral cause of congenital anomalies

A

Congenital CMV

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51
Q

DOC in CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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52
Q

Tx for kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Surgical excision, radiation

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53
Q

Malignancies assoc with EBV

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma - africans
Nasopharyngeal CA - chinese
Hairy leukoplakia- aids

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54
Q

Largest viruses

A

Poxviridae

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55
Q

Shape of poxvirus

A

Complex - brick shaped

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56
Q

Histopath of pox virus

A

Guarnieri bodies

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57
Q

Treatment for molluscum contagiosum

A

Cidofovir

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58
Q

Intracytoplasmic inclusions seen in molluscum contagiosum

A

Henderson-Peterson bodies

59
Q

Mnemonics for hepatitides

A

Hep A - asymptomatic
b - blood borne
c - chronic, carcinoma, cirrhosis, carriers
E- enteric, expectant mothers, epidemics

The VOWELS (A and E) hit your bowels

60
Q

Virulence factor of Hepatitis B is collectively called

A

Dane particle

61
Q

Only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription

A

Hepatitis

62
Q

Autoimmune vascultides associated with hepatitis

A

PAN

63
Q

Treatment for hepatitis B

A

Interferon alpha and lamivudine

64
Q

First vaccine to prevent a human cancer

A

Hep B vaccine

65
Q

3 naked rna viruses

A

CPR

Calci
Picorna
Reo

66
Q

2 types of viral symmetry

A

Helical and icosahedral

67
Q

Mnemonics picornaviridae

A

PERCHed at th PIC

Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxsackie
Hep A

Picornaviridae

68
Q

All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

A

Influenza and retrovirus

69
Q

Intranuclear inclusions in polio

A

Cowdry type B

70
Q

Most common spectrum of disease in polio

A

Abortive poliomyelitis

71
Q

Oral polio vaccine

A

Live attenuated

Sabin

72
Q

2 groups of coxsackie viruses

A

A and B

73
Q

Group A Coxsackievirus cause whag diseases

A

Herpangina
Hand foot and mouth disease
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

74
Q

Group B coxsackie virus causes

A

Pleurodynia
Myocarditis and pericarditis

Chest area involvement

75
Q

Most common cause of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

76
Q

Enteroviruses

A

Coxsackie
Echo
Polio

77
Q

Most common cause of aseptic meningitis

A

Enteroviruses

78
Q

Echo virus stands for

A

Enteric cytopathic human orphan

79
Q

Most common and 2nd most common cause of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

2nd- coronavirus

80
Q

Mnemonic for rhinovirus

A

Rhino with a runny nose

81
Q

Self limited hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A

82
Q

Most impt test in Hep A

A

Anti HAV IgM

83
Q

Hepatitis A virus is also known as

A

Enterovirus 72

84
Q

2 calciviridae viruses

A

Hep E

Norwalk virus

85
Q

Population targeted by Hep E

A

Pregnant women

E - Expectant

86
Q

Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults

A

Norovirus

87
Q

Rotavirus contains how many segments of double stranded DNA

A

10-11

88
Q

Major antigens of influenza virus (2 different spikes)

A

Hemagglutinin - H

Neuraminidase - N

89
Q

MOA of hemagglutinin in influenza

A

Hemagluttinin binds to the cell surgace receptr (neuraminic acid and sialic acid) to initiate cell infection

90
Q

Moa of neuraminidase

A

Cleaves neuraminic acid to release progeny

91
Q

3 subtypes of influenza

A

A B C

92
Q

Influenza that is the most common cause of respiratory tract infections and cause worldwide pandemics

A

Influenza A

93
Q

Causes major outbreak of influenza but not pandemics

A

Influenza b

94
Q

Influenza B infects only ____

A

Humans

95
Q

Influenza type that cause mild resp infxns

A

Influenza C

96
Q

Common source of new influenza genes

A

Aquatic birds (waterfowl)

97
Q

Serves as mixing bowl of the different infleunza genes

A

Pigs

98
Q

Mnemonic for antigenic shift and drift

A

Sudden shift is more deadly that graDual drift

99
Q

Antigenic shifts causes ___ while antigenic drift causes _______

A

Pandemics

Epidemics

100
Q

Treatment for influenza

A

Oseltamivir or zanamavir

101
Q

Treats influenza A only and is also known as an antiparkinsons drug

A

Amantadine

102
Q

Mnemonic for paramyxoviridae

A

PaRaMMyxoviridae

Parainfluenza
RSV
Mumps
Measles

Parade of pediatric viruses

103
Q

Envelope spike that is present in all paramyxoviruses

A

Fusion protein

104
Q

Other name for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

Damson’s disease

105
Q

Mnemonic for MUMPs presentation

A

Mumps makes your parotids and testes as big as POM POMs

Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis

106
Q

Only surface spike of RSV

A

Fusion protein

107
Q

The fusion proteins in paramyxoviridae causes cells to fuse forming multinucleated giant cells called

A

Syncitia

108
Q

Most impt cause of bronchiolitis and pneumoni in infants

A

RSV

109
Q

Ribavarin is used for

A

RSV and Hep C

110
Q

Bullet shaped enveloped virus

A

Rabies virus

111
Q

Transmissionof coronavirus

Reservoir: ?
Intermediate host?

A

Horeshoe bat

Civet cat

112
Q

Atypica pneumonia that progressed to ARDS from coronavirus

A

SARS

113
Q

In SARS, the virus binds to

A

ACE 2 receptor

114
Q

Dengue with influenza like syndrome with severe pains in muscles and joints

A

Breakbone fever

115
Q

Hepatitis C has ___ serotypes

A

6

116
Q

Most prevalent blood borne pathogen in IV drug users

A

Hepatitis C

117
Q

hepatitis C resembles hep B but differs because Hep C causes

A

Autoimmune reactions (thyroiditis, autoantibodies, MPGN, PCT, DM)

118
Q

Most common indication for liver transplantation

A

Hepatitis C

119
Q

Incubation period of german measles

A

14-21 days

120
Q

German measles has a prodrome followed by a ____-day maculopapular rash and _______

A

3 day

Post auricular lymphadenopathy

121
Q

The enzyme responsible for the difficulty in treating HIV

A

Reverse transcriptase

122
Q

Envelope proteins of HIV

A

Gp 120

Gp 41

123
Q

RNA of HIV is tightly complexed with this protein

A

P7

124
Q

Major capsid protein of HIV

A

P24

125
Q

Outer matrix protein of HIV

A

P17

126
Q

HIV genes of importance

A

Gag - capsid
Pol - enzymes
Env - envelope
Tat- activation of transcription of viral genes
Rev - transport of late mRNAs to the cytoplasm

127
Q

Only function as an impt serologic marker for HIV with no therapeutic importance

A

P24 - major capsid protein

128
Q

Most immunogenic region of gp120

A

V3 loop

129
Q

Responsible for antigenic variants of HIV

A

Gp120

130
Q

GP that mediates the fusion of HIV envelope with the cell membrane at the time of infection

A

Gp41

131
Q

First source of HIV and in what country

A

Chimpanzees

Congo

132
Q

Phases of HIV infection

A 
0 - infection
1 window period
2 seroconversion
3 latent period
4 early symptomatic
5 AIDS
133
Q

HIV latent period duration

A

1-15 years

134
Q

Early symptomatic and AIDS phase have CD4 counts of

A

Early symptomatic

135
Q

Gold standard diagnosis for HIV

A

PCR

136
Q

Presumptive and definitive diagnosis for HIV

A

Presumptive - ELISA

Definitive - Western Blot

137
Q

What is used for prognostication of HIV

A

Viral load using PCR

138
Q

Retrovirus causing adult T cell leukemia and appears on HP ad mlignant T cells with a flower shaped nucleus

A

HTLV

Human T cell lymphotrophic virus

139
Q

Thread like viruses in the family filoviridae

A

Ebola

140
Q

Flavivirus with a bird-man-mosquito cycle

A

West nile virus

141
Q

Most common cause of epidemic encephalitis

A

Jap B enceph

142
Q

Jap B enceph is transmitted by what mosquito

A

Culex

143
Q

Characteristic finding of Jap B enceph on CT Scan

A

Thalamic infarcts

MICRO (6 decks)

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