Virology

Question 1

Linear, ds DNA genome, icosahedral capsid, enveloped. Replication in nucleus

Answer 1

Herpes Viruses

Question 2

Alpha Herpes Viruses

Answer 2

HSV1, HSV2, VZV

Question 3

Latency in Herpes Viruses

Answer 3

Soon after initial infection, no virus particles produced, few viral genes expressed. Stages: establishment, maintenance, reactivation

Question 4

Neurotropisms of Herpes Viruses

Answer 4

HSV1- trigem HSV2-sacral, lumbar VZV- dorsal root

Question 5

LAT - Latency Associated Transcript

Answer 5

only gene consistently expressed during latency in HSV. Produces microRNAs that repress viral gene exp, prevent apop, impair CD8 T cell fxn (possibly). (VZV does not have LAT)

Question 6

Herpetic Whitlow, Blepharitis, Encephalitis

Answer 6

HSV1

Question 7

urogenital infections and meningitis

Answer 7

HSV2

Question 8

HSV pathogenesis

Answer 8

spread through secretions –> breaks in skin or mucosa, rep in epi cells and spread to lymph nodes, taken up by sensory nerves and latency established. Recurrences less painful and remain local due to antibody levels

Question 9

Adult cases of VZV

Answer 9

more severe than childhood chicken pox, may result in pneumonia

Question 10

Dx of VZV

Answer 10

clinical appearance +/- Tzanck smear (look for multinuc giant cells)

Question 11

circular ds DNA genome, non enveloped, icosahedral capsid, small

Answer 11

Papovaviridae

Question 12

HPV 6,11

Answer 12

anogenital warts

Question 13

HPV vaccine

Answer 13

tetravalent - 6, 11, 16, 18 Consists of the L1 capsid protein from each that self assembles into pseudocapsids

Question 14

large, complex, enveloped ds linear DNA genome

Answer 14

Poxviridae

Question 15

Virus replicates in cytoplasm

Answer 15

Pox viruses

Question 16

Death in Smallpox due to

Answer 16

toxic effects on vascular endothelium

Question 17

Cytoplasmic inclusions in keratinocytes

Answer 17

molluscum contagiosum

Question 18

Eradication of smallpox effective because

Answer 18

humans are only reservoir, no healthy carriers, no sub clinical infections, effective vaccine available

Question 19

Should not receive the smallpox vaccine

Answer 19

pregnant or breast feeding, immunodef, atopic dermatitis pts, under 18 y/o, prior heart disease

Question 20

Cocksackie A

Answer 20

Abruptions/rashes/vesicles

Question 21

Cocksackie B

Answer 21

Think myalgias and joint pain

Question 22

CD46,SLAM & nectin-4

Answer 22

measles receptors - also has H protein

Question 23

photophobia

Answer 23

maybe think of measles, conjunctivitis

Question 24

cause of death in measles

Answer 24

bacterial pneumonia

Question 25

Basis for vaccine’s effectiveness in MMR

Answer 25

antigenically stable monotypic viruses

Question 26

concern for causing harm to the fetus if infection occurs during pregnancy

Answer 26

Parvo-B19 & Rubella

Question 27

mild disease characterized by a low-grade fever, occasional conjunctivitis and sore throat, lymphadenopathy and a morbilliform rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body

Answer 27

Rubella

Question 28

Virus shedding continues after the rash disappears and continues for ~1 month following initial exposure

Answer 28

Rubella

Question 29

Most serious consequence of Rubella virus infection

Answer 29

is for the fetuses during the early stages of pregnancy -Mental retardation, Motor disabilities, Hearing loss, Congenital heart disease, Cataracts

Question 30

Infection occurring during pregnancy can cause hydrops fetalis, intrauterine growth retardation, pleural and pericardial effusions, and death.

Answer 30

Parvo B19 Virus

Question 31

Enteroviruses Differentiated from rhinoviruses by

Answer 31

Acid stability, Less stringent growth requirements: Can grow in human and primate cell lines, Grows well at 37OC

Question 32

Asymptomatic infections are common with

Answer 32

enteroviruses

Question 33

Occur mainly in the summer and fall

Answer 33

enterovirus infections

Question 34

most common exanthem before age 2

Answer 34

Roseola 6 months - 4 years

Question 35

HHV6/7

Answer 35

Roseola Can reactivate in immunosupp patients later in life

Question 36

Virus is shed in the saliva ~6 days before onset of clinical disease

Answer 36

Mumps

Question 37

causes erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek syndrome) and is most common in children 4-10 years old.

Answer 37

Parvo B19