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Microbiology > virology > Flashcards

virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

are viruses cellular?

A

no

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2
Q

viruses depend on what for reproduction

A

host cell metabolism

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3
Q

3 variations in size

A

poxvirus, parvovirus, prions

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4
Q

prion

A

“virus like” protein

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5
Q

what scope to use to see virus

A

electron scope

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6
Q

spongiforms, infectious, neurologic type disorders

A

prions

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7
Q

3 ways to classify a virus

A

shape, composition, envelope

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8
Q

what is an envelope virus

A

lipid membrane that surrounds the virus

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9
Q

envelope viruses are produced by

A

budding through the host cells membranes

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10
Q

what fuses to hosts cell membrane allowing capsid and viral genome to enter host and cause infection

A

envelope viruses

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11
Q

what viruses don’t have an envelope

A

naked envelope AKA non-envelope

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12
Q

what kind of viruses are more difficult to kill

A

naked viruses

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13
Q

naked viruses require

A

steam sterilization

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14
Q

4 stages of replication

A

attachment, penetration/uncoating, replication & synthesis, assembly & release

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15
Q

top 3 cells viruses will attach to

A
  1. respiratory 2. urogenital 3. GI tract
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16
Q

penetration/uncoating means

A

penetration-entry of virus genome into host cell

uncoating- virus produce enzymes that degrade host cell membrane

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17
Q

what enters host cell during penetration

A

nucleic acid core

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18
Q

what remains on host cell exterior during penetration

A

the capsid/ outer shell

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19
Q

replication stage- immune system cant respond because

A

virus is hidden

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20
Q

prodromal period

A

the time right before clinical signs

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21
Q

2 methods of replication

A

lysogenic or lytic

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22
Q

which method of replication occurs after the viral infection is over

A

lysogenic

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23
Q

viral infections affect the host in 2 ways

A

apparent and non-apparent

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24
Q

apparent

A

clinical disease: acute or chronic

25
Q

non-apparent

A

no clinical signs

26
Q

feline herpes virus

A

causes rhinotracheitis. runny nose, C+, S+, F+ anorexic, ulcers, eyes sealed shut. contagious

27
Q

which feline dz is similar to k9 parvo

A

feline distemper

28
Q

feline parvovirus

A

attacks neonatal brain- causes neurological problems, lymphatic tissue and bone marrow

29
Q

what kind of virus is FeLV

A

retrovirus

30
Q

what kind of virus is FIV

A

lentivirus

31
Q

which is a DNA virus

A

feline distemper

32
Q

canine herpesvirus may be the cause of

A

fading puppy syndrome

33
Q

which virus is the paromyxo virus

A

canine distemper

34
Q

hyperkaratosis on root pads found with this disease

A

canine distemper

35
Q

which viruses are contagious

A

feline herpesvirus, canine distemper virus, canine coronavirus

36
Q

canine adenovirus

A

cause of hepatitis (similar to parvo)

37
Q

canine rotavirus infects what system

A

GI system, secondary dz can be obtained

38
Q

how long does a virus last without refrigeration

A

3 weeks

39
Q

what to do with postmortem tissues

A

place in 10% formalin and label- dont freeze

40
Q

why cant we freeze tissues

A

alters tissues

41
Q

what disease should be checked multiple times in fear it may turn up positive

A

lyme disease

42
Q

how long for results? fluorescent antibody test

A

1 hour

43
Q

in house fluorescent antibody tests anything but

A

rabies

44
Q

what 3 things appear on the elisa snap

A

felv, parvo, hwt

45
Q

antiviral antibodies absorbed into microscopic latex beads..

A

latex agglutination test

46
Q

antigen vs antibody

A

antigen is a foreign body that could cause disease

antibody is a protein that fights off disease. immunity

47
Q

direct fluorescent antibody test

A

used to identify specific microorganisms- antigens

48
Q

indirect fluorescent antibody test

A

used to demonstrate the presence of antibodies against a antigen

49
Q

how is the FA viewed under direct FA

A

fluorescent microscope, plate reader, fluorescence-activated flow cytometer

50
Q

can be used to detect, count and separate cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies

A

flow cytometry

51
Q

the interaction of particulate antigens with antibodies leads to

A

agglutination reactions

52
Q

direct agglutination vs indirect agglutination

A

direct- test pt serum for presence of antibodies against large, cellular antigens.
indirect- test pt serum for presence of antibodies against soluble antigens

53
Q

is lytic more common than lysogenic

A

yes

54
Q

lytic cycle

A

viral DNA destroys cell DNA. contains symptoms of infection. virulent viral infection occurs.

55
Q

is lytic or lysogenic faster

A

lytic

56
Q

lysogenic cycle

A

viral DNA merges with cell DNA- doesnt destroy.

no symptoms of viral infection. temperate viral replication occurs.

57
Q

which stage produces progeny phages

A

lytic

58
Q

when does lysogenic typically occur

A

when the viral infection is over, but may be permanent.

59
Q

how would a lysogenic turn into lytic cycle

A

stress, mutation, exposed to UV radiation

Microbiology (11 decks)

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