Virology Flashcards
Adenovirus
DNA Virus
Adenoviruses serotypes 1-489
Causes respiratory infections, UTI, GI infections, and eye infections
Respiratory, fecal-oral, and direct contact transmission
Oropharynx is site of latency
Causes pharyngitis, pharyngoconjuctival fever, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, hemorrhagic cystitis, diseeminated diesase, and gastroenteritis in children
Prevented with adenovirus serotpe 4 and 7 vaccine
Treatment is supportive
Vaccine is only for those in the military
Hepadnavirus
DNA Virus
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Herpes virus
DNA Virus
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2)
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
human herpesviruses 6-8
Causes oral, genital, neonatal, and ocular herpes (HSV-1, HSV-2)
Chicken pox (Varicella)
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Infections in newborns and immunocompromised (CMV)
Roseola and Kaposi sarcoma (Human herpesviruses 6-8)
Herpes Simplex Virus
HSV
Of the herpesviridae family
Enveloped and double stranded linear DNA
HSV-1 causes oral herpes (cold sores)
HSV-2 causes genital herpes
Babies born vaginally to mothers with HSV-2 can contract neonatal herpes characterized by multiple vesicular lesions on the skin or involvement of internal organs/CNS
Organism is visualized using Tzanch smear (scraping of ulcer base for evidence of multinucleated giant cells and Cowdry A inclusions)
Acyclovir is common used as treatment for herpes infections
Cowdry A are eosinophilic nuclear inclusions of nucleic acid and protein
HSV-1 can also cause gingivostomatitis, keratoconjuctivitis, and temporal lobe encephalitis
Antibodies to HSV-1 become latent in trigeminal ganglia and can reactivate from stress of UV light
Antibodies to HSV-2 become latent in sacral ganglia
Papillomavirus
DNA Virus
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Causes warts, including genital warts that are linked to cervical cancer
Parvovirus
DNA Virus
Parvovirus B-19
Causes fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
Poxvirus
DNA Virus
Variola
Causes smallpox
Arenavirus
RNA Virus
Lymphocyte choriomeningitis virus (LCM)
Lassa fever virus
Causes aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis and Lassa fever
Astrovirus
RNA Virus
Astrovirus
Causes gastroenteritis in children
Bunyavirus Group
RNA Virus
Arboviruses (California encephalitis, LaCrosse virus)
Hantaviruses (Sin Nombre virus)
Causes encephalitis, hepatitis, and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Calicivirus
(Caliciviridae)
RNA Virus
Noroviruses
Most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis in United States
Fecal-oral transmission
Causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Treatment is supportive
Avoid contact with virus for prevention
Coronavirus
(Coronaviridae)
RNA Virus
Coronavirus
Causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), cold-like infections, and pediatric diarrhea
Uknown transmission (most likely direct contact or aerosol)
Treatment is supportive
Avoid contact with virus for prevention
Filovirus
(Filoviridae)
RNA Virus
Marburg and Ebola viruses
Causes hemorrhagic fever
Transmitted to humans from monkeys and presumably other animals
Human to human transmission via body fluids and respiratory droplets
Causes severe hemorrhage and liver necrosis
Treatment is supportive
Avoid contact with virus, export prohibitions on wild monkeys
Mortality as high as 90%
Flavivirus
(Flaviviridae)
RNA Virus
Arboviruses (yellow fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus)
Arthropod vector, usually mosquito
Treatment is supportive
Avoid contact with voctor and utilize vector control programs
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Transmitted parenterally or sexually
Causes acute and chronic hepatitis with a strong correlation between chronic HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma
Interferon/supportive treatment
Avoid contact with virus, and blood supplies should be screen for antibody to HCV
Orthomyxovirus
RNA Virus
Influenza A, B, and C
Causes influenza
