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PHM State Test > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Antibody to which marker indicates Hepatitis vaccination?

A

HBsAg-negative, HBsAb-positive, HBcAb-negative

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2
Q

At what temperatures should you freeze viruses?

A

-70C

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3
Q

Define sensitivity.

A

The ability of a test to detect very small amounts of the antibody or antigen, or the ability of the test to detect infected individuals and not produce false negative results.

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4
Q

Define specificity.

A

The ability of a test to identify all negatives correctly, or the ability of the test not to produce false positive results. True negatives divided by (false positives + true negatives)

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5
Q

How are viruses classified?

A

By DNA/RNA.

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6
Q

How many drops per mL are used for the VDRL antigen QC?

A

60 drops/ml

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7
Q

If an IFA is 1+ the first time and <1+ the second time, how should it be reported?

A

Negative.

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8
Q

In a Level-2 Lab, which viruses can be handled?

A

Hepatitis, Influenza, Dengue Fever, Measles, Mumps, HIV, Herpes.

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9
Q

Indirect Hemagglutination uses…

A

Antibody and sensitized latex particles

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10
Q

Know the FTA-ABS test. Minimal reactive control fluorescence? pH of buffered saline? Role of sorbent?

A

Minimal reactive control fluorescence is 1+. pH of buffered saline is 7.2. Role of sorbent is to increase specificity by absorbing patient serum.

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11
Q

The enzyme in ELISA is linked to what in the serum?

A

A specific antibody

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12
Q

What antibody would you test for acute HAV?

A

Detect for IgM (using EIA)

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13
Q

What are the basic steps to PCR?

A

Denaturatization,aneeling, extension.

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14
Q

What are the best parts of the brain for a rabies test?

A

Brain stem, cerebellum, Hippocampus

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15
Q

What are the ingredients of maintenance media?

A

2% Fetal Bovine Serum, salt solution, amino acids, Gentamicin, Amphotericin B (NO ANTIBODIES)

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16
Q

What are the names of the various non-treponemal tests?

A

RPR, VDRL, USR, TRUST, RST

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17
Q

What are the names of the various treponemal tests?

A

FTA-ABS, FTA-ABS DS (more sensitive), MHA-TP (more specific), TP-PA

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18
Q

What are the reagins used in non-treponemal tests?

A

Antibody-like proteins made in response to a variety of diseases that positively reacts with the VDRL antigen.

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19
Q

What causes louse borne American Relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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20
Q

What causes Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi. (Ixodes scapularis=East, Ixodes pacificus=West)

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21
Q

What causes tick borne American Relapsing fever in California?

A

Borrelia hermsi, Borellia parkeri

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22
Q

What cell lines are used for Adenovirus?

A

HeLa, A549

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23
Q

What does IgM testing indicate?

A

Acute infection or recent infection.

24
Q

What is a common acceptable specimen for syphilis testing?

A

5mL of whole clotted blood collected in a red top vacutanor tube.

25
Q

What is a common characteristic about the infection of Smallpox?

A

Often starts as a respiratory disease

26
Q

What is an adjuvant?

A

A vehicle used to improve the immune response to an antigen (enhance antigenicity), allowing less vaccine to be used to promote a non-specific stimulator to the immune response. It does this by helping dispense antigen from the site of injection by increasing solubility which increases antibody response (rapid dissemination of antigen).

27
Q

What is in the VDRL antigen?

A

Cholesterol, cardiolipin, lecithin (also EDTA, coline, chloride and charcoal in RPR modified-VDRL antigen)

28
Q

What is necessary for a diagnostic reading of syphilis on darkfield?

A

Demonstrate motility

29
Q

What is the advantage to using PCR?

A

Very sensitive, doesn’t need viable organism

30
Q

What is the basic procedure for the VDRL?

A

23-29C, dispense 6 seconds while rotating in 2in circle, rotate bottle 10 more seconds, shake 30 times over 10 seconds in a 1 foot arc. rotate for 4 minutes at 180RPM.

31
Q

What is the best method to detect Lyme Disease?

A

Antibody titer.

32
Q

What is the best serological method for Legionella?

A

IFA

33
Q

What is the CDC criteria for determining if a Western Blog is positive or negative?

A

Positive: At least 2 of 3 bands must be present (P24, GP41, or GP 120/160). Negative: No bands present (or bands other than the 2 out of 3 positive bands)

34
Q

What is the definition of an ideal fixative?

A

One that makes the virus non-infectious.

35
Q

What is the dilution of serum used for TP-PA?

A

Sensitized cells = 1:80

36
Q

What is the filter barrier used for on an IFA scope?

A

Suppresses exiting light from entering the eye. Removes high-intensity light that could overwhelm the low-intensity emitted light.

37
Q

What is the interference test used for?

A

Rubella

38
Q

What is the most common virus for adult gastroenteritis?

A

Norwalk (norovirus/calicivirus)

39
Q

What is the pH VDRL buffered saline?

A

0.9% Buffered Saline, pH 6.0 +/- 0.1

40
Q

What is the principle of indirect hemagglutination test?

A

A mediator (i.e. RBCs) are used to absorb antigen using a molecular carrier (i.e. latex/charcoal). The coated cells are then used as antigens for simple agglutination tests.

41
Q

What is the principle of LCR (Ligase Chain Reaction)?

A

Annealing two primers

42
Q

What is the purpose of the FTA-ABS sorbent?

A

Increases specificity by absorbing patient’s serum with non-pathogenic Reiter treponemal antibodies.

43
Q

What is the purpose of the TP-PA test?

A

Confirmation test for RPR

44
Q

What is the reservoir for Lassa Hemorrhagic Fever (LHF)?

A

Rodents

45
Q

What is the test method of choice for rabies, especially when there is a bite?

A

DFA

46
Q

What is the test method of choice for syphilis CSF specimen?

A

VDRL

47
Q

What might cause a false positive in non-treponemal test result?

A

Various diseases and IV drug use

48
Q

What organisms would likely grow in both HDFK and MK cell lines?

A

Enterovirus

49
Q

What test is used to distinguish Enterovirus from Rhinovirus?

A

Acid labile testing, Rhinovirus = + (sensitive to acid / acid labile), Enterovirus = - (resistant to acid / acid stabile)

50
Q

What type of blood specimen do you use for viral or Rickettsial serology?

A

Frozen serum.

51
Q

Where is the viral site of replication within the cell? (Nucleus or Cytoplasm)

A

RNA = Cytoplasm, DNA = Nucleus, Pox Virus (Vaccinia) = Cytoplasm (the only DNA virus to replicate in the cytoplasm)

52
Q

Which antibody can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

53
Q

Which antibody should you check for in neonatal infections?

A

IgM

54
Q

Which monkey virus is most hazardous to lab workers?

A

Monkey Herpes (Herpes B)

55
Q

Why would it be useful to Identify maternal antibodies from newborn antibodies?

A

To rule-out congenital infection.

PHM State Test (7 decks)

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