Virals Flashcards
What are viruses that live outside of a host cell known as?
Virion
What was the first drug known to effectively stop the growth of herpes in immunosuppressed patients
Vidarabine or Ara-A
What are the three sub families of herpes virus infection infections?
Herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus
Which herpes virus infection can cause Kaposi’s sarcoma
HHV-8
What is the viral genome?
It is the DNA contents that are ejected to the cell nucleus to use the host machinery and replicate HSV one DNA
What are the signs and symptoms and treatment of HSV –1
It is typically asymptomatic, but patients can have oral or Peri oral lesions, ocular infections, non-genital skin lesions, genital skin or mucous membrane lesions and serious, systemic, illnesses, like encephalitis and neonatal disease. It is transmitted from person to person from oral secretions during close contact. The incubation period is one to 26 days and lesions are usually present from one to eight days. It is treated with acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir.
How is the treatment of HSV one determined
What are the infection is the first time or a reactivation the severity of the symptoms and what the site of infection is.
What are the nucleotide analogs for HSV infections?
Acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir
What are the two clinically significant infections that are caused by varicella zoster?
Chickenpox in the primary infection and herpes, zoster and shingles and the reactivation
What is the most common complication of herpes zoster?
Posttherapetic neuralgia
How can cytomegalovirus be transferred?
It can be bisexual intercourse, close contacts of viral shedding by blood or tissue exposure or vertically through pregnancy or childbirth
What are the nucleotide analogs of cytomegalovirus?
Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir
What is the therapeutic goal for treatment of chronic hepatitis b and c
Decrease the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing HBV and HCV replication
What are the non-infectious causes of hepatitis?
Alcohol and drug exposure, autoimmune disease, or metabolic reasons
How is hepatitis C, most commonly transmitted by?
IV drug use unprotected sex with multiple partners surgical exposure, unintended needlestick or sharp exposures hemodialysis HIV and infants of HCV positive mothers.
How soon after infection can you detect hepatitis C on lab work?
One to two months after infection
When can you expect chronic liver disease and HCV infection most likely to appear in an infected patient
In the third and fourth decades after initial infection
Once the hepatitis C virus enters the body what type of cell does it target?
Hepatocytes
What class of oral medication has changed the landscape for HCV treatment so that cure is now possible?
Direct acting antivirals
Which virus does amantadine inhibit
Influenza A
Which virus is a spherical shape with an external lipid membrane that is taken from a host cell, and a virus multiplies similar to a parasite
Influenza virus
What are the steps of the viral replication process
- Attachment of the virus to a susceptible host sell by uniting with a cell surface receptors
- Penetration of the virus or viral genome into the cell and absorbs theenzymes release
- The DNA of the phage penetrates through the hole.
- The virus replicates.
- There’s a release of new infective Verions
What are the two main classes of antiviral drugs used in influenza a and b
Neuraminidase inhibitors which are Tamiflu Relenza and rapivab
And Adamantanes or M2 inhibitors which are flumadine and symmetrel
How do the neuraminidase inhibitors treat influenza?
They target the NA glycoproteins on the outer lipid layer of the influenza virus