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Micropara Finals > Viral Xanthems, Mumps, Poxyviridae, Herpesviridae > Flashcards

Viral Xanthems, Mumps, Poxyviridae, Herpesviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Exanthem vs Enanthem

A

Skin rash vs mucuous membrane rash

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2
Q

Macule

A

<1cm flat discoloration often reddish

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3
Q

Papule

A

<1 cm circumscribed elevated lesion

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4
Q

Vesicle

A

<5 cm elevated lesion containing clear fluid

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5
Q

Bulla

A

> 5 cm large vesicle

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6
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of full thickness dermis/epidermis, eroded lesion

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7
Q

Petechia

A

Pinpoint, hemorrhagic lesion

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8
Q

Nodule

A

Small, solid lesion, detectable by touch

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9
Q

Wart / Verraca

A

Nodule with a horny surface

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10
Q

Postule

A

Lesion with pus

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11
Q

First disease

A

Rubeola, measles, hard measles, 14 day measles, morbilli

Measles virus

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12
Q

Second disease

A

Scarlet fever
Scarlatina

Streptococcus pyogenes

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13
Q

Third disease

A

Rubella
German measles
3-day measles

Rubella virus

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14
Q

Fourth disease

A

Filatov-dukes
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Ritter disease

Some say it does not exist
Others believe it is due to S. aureus strains that produce epidermolytic (exfoliative) toxin

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15
Q

Fifth disease

A

Erythema infectiosum

Erythrovirus (parvovirus) B19

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16
Q

Sixth disease

A

Exanthem subitum
Roseola infantum
Sudden rash
Rose rash of infants
3-day fever

Human herpes virus 6B or 7

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17
Q

Measles

A

Aka rubeola / 14-day measles
Measles virus of paramyxoviridae
Airborne

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18
Q

Paramyxoviridae

A

Larger than orthomyxoviridae
Most important agents of reapiratory infections in infants & young children
Respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) & parainfluenza viruses)
Cause the two most common contagious diseases of childhood (mumps & mesasles)

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19
Q

Measles clinical findings

A

Incubation period
Prodormal period
Fever, 3 C’s (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis),
Koplik spots, (pathognomonic),
lymphopenia
Rash
Light pink, discrete macupapules that
coalesce to form blotches, becoming
Brownish in 5-10 days
Fading Rash with desquamation

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20
Q

Otitis media

A

Most common measles complications

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21
Q

2* bacterial pneumonia

A

Most common life-threathening measles complication

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22
Q

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

A

Rare late measles complication

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23
Q

Measles treatment
Prevention

A

Vitamin A
Live attenuated vaccine, alone or in combination (MMR)

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24
Q

Rubella

A

Aka German measles / 3 day measles
Rubella virus of togaviridae but not vector borne
Airborne

25
Q

Rubella clinical findings

A

Malaise, low grade fever
Morbilliform rash: face- trunk- extremities
Forchheimer spots (nonspecific)
Transient arthralgia & arthritis in adults
especially in women
Rarely lasts >3days
Mildest of the common viral exanthems

26
Q

Rubella treatment
Prevention

A

No specific treatment
Live attenuated vaccine (MMR)

27
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

A

In utero infection (vertical transmission)
The earlier in pregnancy the greater damage

Triad of: cataracts, cardiac abnormalities,
congenital sensorineural deafness
Mental retardation

28
Q

Erythema Infectiosum

A

Parvovirus B19 parvoviridae
Droplets, in utero

1st phase: flu like symptoms
2nd phase: erythematous facial rash
(Slapped cheek appearance), arthralgia

29
Q

Parvoviridae

A

Small animal DNA viruses
ssDNA

30
Q

Erythema infectiosum

A

Children (5th disease)
Adults

Cutaneous rash
Arthralgia - arthritis

31
Q

Transient aplastic crisis

A

Underlying hemolysis
Severe acute anemia

32
Q

Pure red cell aplasia

A

Immunodefficiences
Chronic anemia

33
Q

Hydrops fetalis

A

Fetus
Fatal anemia

34
Q

Mumps

A

Mumps virus of paramyxoviridae
Airborne
Clinical findings:
Subclinical
Parotitis
Aseptic meningitis
Orchitis
Oophoritis
Prevention:
Live attenuated vaccine (MMR)

35
Q

Poxviridae

A

Largest & most complex animal viruses
Neither icosahedral nor helical
Brick shaped or ovoid
Orthopoxvirus, Parapovirus:
Most of the poxyviruses that can cause
disease in himans

36
Q

Smallpox

A

Variola (major/minor)
Airborne
Findings:
Sudden onset
Fever & malaise
Exanthem:
Macules- papules- vesicles- postules-
crusts- pink scars- fade
Face> trunk
1st disease to be eradicated (using
cowpox variolae vacinae)
Could be used as a bioweapon
Treatment:
Supportive
Prevention:
Methisazone- prophylaxis
Live vaccinia vaccine (replaced cowpox)
Variolation- deliberate infection wild mild
forms of disease

37
Q

Cowpox

A

Direct contact with infected animals
Disease of cattle
Milder than pox diseases of other animals
Historically used in the vaccine against
smallpox

38
Q

Monkeypox

A

Direct contact with infected wild animal or
person
-first recognized in captive monkeys
-a rare zoonosis
Findings:
Similar to smallpox, less severe
Prounces lymphadenopathy (not seen in
smallpox or chickenpox)
Complications:
Common & serious
Pulmonary distress, 2deg bacterial
infections
Fatality: 10%
Vaccination with Vaccinia- protective/lessens
severity of disease

39
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Direct & indirect
Molluscipoxvirus
Findings:
Benign epidermal tumor
Small, pink, wart-like tumors on the face,
arms, back, & buttocks
Occurs only in humans

40
Q

Herpesviridae

A

Wide spectrum of diseases
Ability to establish lifelong persistent
infections & to undergo periodic
reactivation
L. herpes (creep)- describing the nature of
skin lesions

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

41
Q

Herpes simplex virus

A

Cytolytic lesions
Primary infection: mucous membrane
Latent infection: ganglion
Findings:
Oropharyngeal disease:
Due to HSV-1
First infection:
-gingivostomatitis
-pharyngitis
Reactivation:
-herpes liabilis/cold sores
-intraoral herpes simplex

Herpes genitalis/genital herpes:
Due to HSV-2
Painful vesiculoulcerative lesions w/ itching,
dysuria, vaginal/urethral discharge, tender
inguinal lymphadenopathy
Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia

Skin infections:
Herpetic whitlow
Herpes galdiatorum
Eczema herpeticum
Keratoconjunctivitis
Meningoencephalitis
Neonatal herpes: in utero, during/after birth
Lesions- skin, eye, mouth

42
Q

Varicella- Zoster virus

A

Inhalation
-Primary viremia: virus infects nearby
lymphnodes, replicates & enters
bloodstream
-Secondary viremia: infection of other cells,
replication in liver & spleen
-if immunity wanes- cause herpes zoster

43
Q

Varicella (chickenpox)

A

Malaise & fever
Rash:
Trunk- face- limbs- buccal & pharyngeal
mucosa
Stages of macules, papules, vesicles, &
crusts may be seen at one time
Complications:
Rare
Encephalitis
Varicella pneumonia

44
Q

Herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Dermatomal pain & vesicles
Most commonly affected:
Trunk, head & neck
Complications:
Postherpetic neuralgia:
Protracted pain that may continue for
months
Common after opthalmic zoster

45
Q

Congenital Varicella Syndrome

A

Cicatricial skin scarring
Limb hypoplasia
Neurologic syatem abnormalities:
Microcephaly
Cortical atrophy
Seizures
Mental retardation
Eye abnormalities:
Chorioetinitis
Microphthalmia
Cataract
Renal system abnormalities:
Hydroureter & hydronephrosis
ANS abnormalities:
Neurogenic bladder
Swallowing dysfunction
Aspiration pneumonia

46
Q

varicella-Zozter virus
Treatment & Prevention

A

Treatment:
-not required in normal children
-required in neonates &
immunocompromized
*acyclovir, valacylovir, famciclovir, foscarnet

Prevention:
-Live attenuated varicella vaccine
-y-globulin of high VZV antibody titer (varizig)- for postexposure prophylaxis of high risk patients
-herpes zoster vaccine

47
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

-the most common cause of congenital
infection
-has the largest genetic content of the
human herpesviruses
Transmission:
prolonged contact, in utero
Findings:
Adult infection: pneumonia, colitis
Congenital infection: cytomegalic inclusion
disease

48
Q

Epstein-Barr virus

A

Transmission: infected saliva through deep
kissing
Pathophysiology: immortalizes B
lymphocytes
Findings:
-Mostly asymptomatic or mild pharyngitis
w/o tonsilitis
-Infectious mononucleosis (kissing disease)
-cancer:
Burkitt lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgkin & non Hodgkin lymphomas
Gastric carcinoma

49
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Younger than 40yo
Reed sternberg cells
Upper body, chest, neck, predictable
More treatable

50
Q

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Older than 60yo
No reed sternberg cells
Throughout the body, unpredictable
Challenging to treat

51
Q

HHV-6 & 7

A

T-lymphotropic human herpesviruses
Transmission: oral secretions
Exanthem Subitum / Roseola Infantum / 6th
disease
-high fever & skin rash
-Nagayama Spots - erythematous papules
of the soft palate & base of the uvula

52
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
KSHV

A

Infects the lymphocytes, macrophages, both
endothelial & epithelial cells

Transmission: oral secretions, sexually,
vertically, by blood or organ transplant

Kaposi Sarcoma: vascular tumors of mixed
cellular composition

53
Q

Human herpesvirus / HHV
HHV1

A

Oropharyngeal herpes

54
Q

Human herpesvirus / HHV
HHV2

A

Genital herpes

55
Q

Human herpesvirus / HHV
HHV3

A

Varicella-Zoster virus

Chickenpox, Shingles

56
Q

Human herpesvirus / HHV
HHV4

A

Epstein-Barr virus

Infectious mononucleosis (kissing disease)

57
Q

Human herpesvirus / HHV
HHV6 & 7

A

Exanthem Subitom

58
Q

Human herpesvirus / HHV
HHV 8

A

Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
KSHV

Kaposi Sarcoma

Micropara Finals (10 decks)

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