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Virology > Viral Replication > Flashcards

Viral Replication Flashcards

1
Q

How do you study viral replication

A

In-vitro

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2
Q

Study of viruses in-vivo is what?

A

Study of viral pathogenesis

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3
Q

What kind of curve to scientists develop to study viruses

A

One-step growth curve

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4
Q

In one step growth curve, what does ‘total virus mean’

A

Input virus (attached and unattached ) and progeny virus (intra- and extracellular)

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5
Q

In one step growth curve, what does ‘total cell free virus’ mean?

A

Input virus (unattached) and progeny (extracellular)

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6
Q

In one step growth curve, what does ‘total cell-associated virus’ mean?

A

Input virus (attached, not penetrated) and progeny (intracellular)

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7
Q

For viruses that dont grow in cell cultures, how do you study them?

A

Use infectious clones

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8
Q

What is the eclipse period

A

The period after viral penetration and virus releases genome, in which the progeny is not detectable

2-12 hours

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9
Q

T/F the eclipse period is the same as the incubation period

A

False!

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10
Q

What are some early products from viral replication (3)

A
  1. Proteins that shut down cell processes
  2. Proteins that regulate expression of viral genome
  3. Enzymes requires for replication of viral nucleic acid
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11
Q

What are some late products of viral replication (1)

A

Structural proteins

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12
Q

Where does DNA viral replication take place and which enzymes does it use

A

Nucleus

DdRp (DNA dependent RNA polymerase)

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13
Q

Where does RNA viral replication take place and which enzymes does it use

A

Cytoplasm

  1. Retrotranscriptases
  2. RdRp (RNA viruses)
  3. DdRp (DNA viruses that replicate in cytoplasm)
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14
Q

What are cellular enzymes for replication (2)

A

DdDp

DdRp

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15
Q

What are viral enzymes for replication (3)

A
  1. Retrotranscripatse
  2. RdRp
  3. DdRp
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16
Q

Steps of viral replication

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration (membrane fusion/endocytosis)
  3. Uncoating
  4. Transcription/Translation
  5. Processing
  6. Assembly/release
17
Q

How do enveloped viruses penetrate

A

Membrane fusion

18
Q

How do naked viruses penetrate

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

19
Q

If DNA viruses un-coat in the cytoplasm, what do they require

A

Chaperone proteins

20
Q

Describe ss+ RNA viral transcription/translation

A

They bind directly to ribosome and start TRANSLATION

21
Q

Describe ss- RNA viral transcription/translation

A

Transcription must occur first – cant just fit onto ribosomes

They carry own enzymes (the RdRp protein)

22
Q

Retroviruses have two copies of ________ and replicate through a _____ intermediate

A

ss+ RNA

DNA

23
Q

Which enzyme do retroviruses use? What is the primer?

A

Reverse transcriptase

tRNA is the primer

24
Q

Functions of LTR (2)

A
  1. Integration to host genome

2. Strong promoter (oncogenic)

25
Q

Steps of retrovirus replication

A
  1. Start with two copies of ss+ RNA
  2. Reverse transcriptase uses tRNA as a primer
  3. RNA:DNA hybrid formed
  4. Copies of ss- DNA form a linear double stranded DNA, containing an LTR at each end
  5. ds DNA integrates into cellular chromosome as proviral DNA
  6. Further transcription of viral RNA occurs through proviral DNA
26
Q

Which viruses undergo translation first (7)

A

ss+ RNA viruses

CAP-FACT

  1. Calici
  2. Astro
  3. Picorna
  4. Flavi
  5. Arteri
  6. Corona
  7. Toga
27
Q

Which viruses undergo transcription first (8)

A

ss- RNA viruses
ds RNA segmented viruses

RRR- BB- FOAP

  1. Rhabdo
  2. Reo
  3. Retro
  4. Arena
  5. Birna
  6. Bunya
  7. Orthomyxo
  8. Paramyxo
  9. Filo
28
Q

Which ss+ RNA virus undergoes translation first

A

Retrovirus

29
Q

How are naked viruses released post-replication

A

Accumulate in nucleus/cytoplasm until cell lysis occurs

30
Q

How are enveloped viruses release post-replication

A

Exoctyosis

31
Q

What is a susceptible cell

A

Virus can enter

32
Q

What is a permissive cell

A

Virus can replicate

33
Q

Which enzyme does poxvirus for reproduction

A

DdRp - in cytoplasm

Virology (10 decks)

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