Vaccines Flashcards
Whats herd immunity
Vaccines are protective to both those vaccinated as well as unvaccinated (immunocompromised, young, old etc)
Multivalent vaccines
Cover multiple viruses
How live/attenuated vaccines are produced
- Cell culture
- Lab animals
- Live animals
- Cold-adapted mutants and reassortments (respiratory drugs)
T/F - live attenuated vaccines are appropriate for pregnant animals
FALSE!
Can provoke systemic immune response
How killed vaccines are produced
Chemically/physically
Are killed vaccines as good as live-attenuated
No because in the process of making them, their antigens (proteins) are slightly altered. This means the host response wont be as strong
Which offers longer immunity: killed or attenuated vaccines
Attenuated
T/F - killed vaccines are appropriate for pregnant animals
True!
Which is cheaper to produce - killed or attenuated
Attenuated because you need less of it
Administration of killed and attenuated vaccines
Killed: injection only!
Attenuated: injection, inhalation, oral
Number of doses needed for attenuated and killed vaccines
Attenuated: one
Killed: multiple
Do you need an adjuvant for killed vaccines? Attenutaed? Why
Yes, for killed. To increase immune response
Which immune responses do adjuvants potentiate
Both cellular and humoral
Examples of adjuvants
Alum
Mineral oils
Liposomes
ISCOM
How does temperature affect viral infectivity
60 C: proteins denautre
4C: storage (1 day)
-70C: storage (long term)
