Viral Pathogens Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of viruses?
They are composed of protein with RNA/DNA genetic material
Lacks a metabolic apparatus
The protein coats of virus are known as what?
Capsid
Capsids are made of protein subunits called?
Capsomeres
T/F. Viruses may be enveloped or naked, and are spiked with surface proteins.
True.
T/F. Some viruses that have a lipid outer envelope acquired thereof from the cells they have infected.
True.
Viral hosts differ depending on what markers?
Surface proteins and spikes
In Family Coronaviridae, virions use what receptor as host entry receptor?
ACE2
This Family of viruses uses ACE2 receptor as its host entry receptor.
Coronaviridae
What are the types and subtypes of horizontal transmission of pathogenic viruses?
Direct transmission
-fecal oral (smear infection)
-aerogenic (droplet infection)
-intimate contact (mucosa)
Indirect transmission
-Alimentary
-Arthropod vectors
-Parenteral
How are enteroviruses, influenza, and Herpes simplex viruses transmitted?
Fecal-oral; aeorgenic; intimate
How are Hepatitis A, Yellow fever, and Hepatitis B viruses transmitted?
Alimentary
Arthropod
Parenteral
In laboratory diagnostic procedure, the pathogen is grown on a suitable host in cell cultures.
Virus isolation
In laboratory diagnostic procedure, viruses or components thereof are detected using serology, molecular biology techniques, and electron microscopy with no precultures required.
Direct virus detection
In laboratory diagnostic procedure, assays are carried out for detection of antiviral antibodies using patient serum.
Serodiagnostics
What are the burdens of disease associated with viruses?
Significant cause of morbidity and mortality
Vaccinations
Seasonality
Locality
This viral infection is also known as rubeola.
Measles
What is the causative agent of measles
Paramyxoviruses (Morbilivirus)
What is the genetic composition of Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus)?
Single-stranded negative sense RNA virus
T/F. Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) is not an enveloped virus.
False. Enveloped virus
T/F. Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) is highly infectious and humans are the natural reservoir.
True.
How is Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) transmitted?
Via droplets which can be infectious for two hours.
What are the signs and symptoms of measles?
Prodrome - cough, coryza (head cold), and conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Rashes
What is the incubation time for Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus)?
1-2 weeks
What is the management strategy for measle infection?
Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive interventions
This viral disease is caused by Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus). After entry, viremia develops and spread to target organs.
Mumps
What is the genetic composition of Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus)?
Single-stranded negative sense RNA virus
T/F. Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus) is an enveloped virus.
True.
What is the incubation period for mumps?
2-3 weeks
What are the signs and symptoms of mumps?
Non-specific symptoms (myalgia, malaise, headache, low-grade fever)
Parotitis (swelling of the parotid glands)
What are the management strategies for mumps?
Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive interventions
How is Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus) transmitted?
Droplets
This viral disease is caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes virus). Infection starts as viremia, secondary replication in the liver and spleen before spreading to capillaries and epidermis.
Chickenpox
What is the genetic composition of Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes)?
Double-stranded DNA.
What is the causative agent of chickenpox?
Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes virus)
How is Varicella-Zoster virus transmitted?
droplet or contact with lesions
T/F. 90% of the patients infected by chickenpox are children.
True.
What are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox?
No prodrome
Starts with exanthem that spreads
Fever, fatigue, and body aches
What are the management strategies for chickenpox infection?
Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive
Acyclovir
What is the incubation time for chickenpox?
2-3 weeks
This viral infection is transmitted via mosquito bites, and then the virus reproduce in dendritic cells, liver, and endothelium.
Dengue
What is the causative agent for Dengue?
Dengue fever virus (Arbovirus)
How is dengue fever virus (Arbovirus) transmitted?
Aedes mosquitos
Signs and symptoms of dengue fever?
High fever with retro orbital pain
Fatigue
Cardiomyopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Possible hemorrhage and shock
What are the management strategies for dengue fever?
Vaccine
Transfusion
Prevention
