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Medical Microbiology > Viral Pathogens > Flashcards

Viral Pathogens Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the general characteristics of viruses?

A

They are composed of protein with RNA/DNA genetic material

Lacks a metabolic apparatus

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2
Q

The protein coats of virus are known as what?

A

Capsid

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3
Q

Capsids are made of protein subunits called?

A

Capsomeres

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4
Q

T/F. Viruses may be enveloped or naked, and are spiked with surface proteins.

A

True.

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5
Q

T/F. Some viruses that have a lipid outer envelope acquired thereof from the cells they have infected.

A

True.

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6
Q

Viral hosts differ depending on what markers?

A

Surface proteins and spikes

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7
Q

In Family Coronaviridae, virions use what receptor as host entry receptor?

A

ACE2

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8
Q

This Family of viruses uses ACE2 receptor as its host entry receptor.

A

Coronaviridae

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9
Q

What are the types and subtypes of horizontal transmission of pathogenic viruses?

A

Direct transmission
-fecal oral (smear infection)
-aerogenic (droplet infection)
-intimate contact (mucosa)

Indirect transmission
-Alimentary
-Arthropod vectors
-Parenteral

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10
Q

How are enteroviruses, influenza, and Herpes simplex viruses transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral; aeorgenic; intimate

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11
Q

How are Hepatitis A, Yellow fever, and Hepatitis B viruses transmitted?

A

Alimentary
Arthropod
Parenteral

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12
Q

In laboratory diagnostic procedure, the pathogen is grown on a suitable host in cell cultures.

A

Virus isolation

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13
Q

In laboratory diagnostic procedure, viruses or components thereof are detected using serology, molecular biology techniques, and electron microscopy with no precultures required.

A

Direct virus detection

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14
Q

In laboratory diagnostic procedure, assays are carried out for detection of antiviral antibodies using patient serum.

A

Serodiagnostics

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15
Q

What are the burdens of disease associated with viruses?

A

Significant cause of morbidity and mortality
Vaccinations
Seasonality
Locality

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16
Q

This viral infection is also known as rubeola.

A

Measles

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17
Q

What is the causative agent of measles

A

Paramyxoviruses (Morbilivirus)

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18
Q

What is the genetic composition of Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus)?

A

Single-stranded negative sense RNA virus

19
Q

T/F. Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) is not an enveloped virus.

A

False. Enveloped virus

20
Q

T/F. Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) is highly infectious and humans are the natural reservoir.

A

True.

21
Q

How is Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus) transmitted?

A

Via droplets which can be infectious for two hours.

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of measles?

A

Prodrome - cough, coryza (head cold), and conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
Rashes

23
Q

What is the incubation time for Paramyxovirus (Morbilivirus)?

A

1-2 weeks

24
Q

What is the management strategy for measle infection?

A

Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive interventions

25
Q

This viral disease is caused by Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus). After entry, viremia develops and spread to target organs.

A

Mumps

26
Q

What is the genetic composition of Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus)?

A

Single-stranded negative sense RNA virus

27
Q

T/F. Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus) is an enveloped virus.

A

True.

28
Q

What is the incubation period for mumps?

A

2-3 weeks

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of mumps?

A

Non-specific symptoms (myalgia, malaise, headache, low-grade fever)

Parotitis (swelling of the parotid glands)

30
Q

What are the management strategies for mumps?

A

Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive interventions

31
Q

How is Paramyxovirus (Rubulavirus) transmitted?

A

Droplets

31
Q

This viral disease is caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes virus). Infection starts as viremia, secondary replication in the liver and spleen before spreading to capillaries and epidermis.

A

Chickenpox

32
Q

What is the genetic composition of Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes)?

A

Double-stranded DNA.

33
Q

What is the causative agent of chickenpox?

A

Varicella-Zoster virus (herpes virus)

34
Q

How is Varicella-Zoster virus transmitted?

A

droplet or contact with lesions

34
Q

T/F. 90% of the patients infected by chickenpox are children.

A

True.

35
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox?

A

No prodrome
Starts with exanthem that spreads
Fever, fatigue, and body aches

35
Q

What are the management strategies for chickenpox infection?

A

Vaccine (MMR)
Supportive
Acyclovir

36
Q

What is the incubation time for chickenpox?

A

2-3 weeks

37
Q

This viral infection is transmitted via mosquito bites, and then the virus reproduce in dendritic cells, liver, and endothelium.

A

Dengue

38
Q

What is the causative agent for Dengue?

A

Dengue fever virus (Arbovirus)

39
Q

How is dengue fever virus (Arbovirus) transmitted?

A

Aedes mosquitos

40
Q

Signs and symptoms of dengue fever?

A

High fever with retro orbital pain
Fatigue
Cardiomyopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Possible hemorrhage and shock

41
Q

What are the management strategies for dengue fever?

A

Vaccine
Transfusion
Prevention

Medical Microbiology (9 decks)

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