Immunology (Adaptive immunity)

Question 1

T/F. Adaptive immunity is activated when innate immunity fails.

Answer 1

T

Question 2

T/F. For primary antigen exposure, development of adaptive immunity is immediately achieved.

Answer 2

False. Requires several days for adaptive immunity to kick in upon primary infection.

Question 3

T/F. Adaptive immunity is highly specific

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

T/F. Adaptive immunity, as oppose to innate immunity has immunologic memory.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

T/F. Cell mediated responses are facilitated by B cells while antibody-mediated responses are facilitated by T cells.

Answer 5

False.

Question 6

T/F. More foreign antigens are more immunogenic.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T/F. The bigger the antigen is the more immunogenic it becomes.

Answer 7

T (usually 10, 000 kda MW)

Question 7

T/F. Amino acid homopolymers are more immunogenic than heteropolymers.

Answer 7

F

Question 8

T/F. Haptens may become immunogenic when linked to a carrier protein.

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T/F. The genetic composition of the host may determine immunogenicity of antigens.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

T/F. Dosage, route, and timing of Ag administration does not affect its immunogenicity.

Answer 10

False.

Question 11

These are gene loci that produce proteins that bind and present antigens.

Answer 11

MCH

Question 12

T/F. T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes antigen bound on MHC on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

Answer 12

T.

Question 13

General pathway of antibody-mediated immune response.

Answer 13

CD4 T- cell lymphocytes recognize Ag-bound to MHC Class II molecules on APC

Cytokines are produced

B cells are stimulated to express antibodies

Question 14

This antibody coats antigens, facilitates phagocytosis, and most abundant (80%) in the serum. It is also known to cross the placenta.

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

This antibody is known for its bactericidal effect by agglutination and is first produced in an immune response.

Answer 15

IgM

Question 16

This antibody is know to mediate allergic reactions and defense against parasites.

Answer 16

IgE

Question 17

This antibody is known to facilitate B cell responses.

Answer 17

IgD

Question 18

General mechanism of cell-mediated response.

Answer 18

Ag-MHC Class I recognized by CD8 T lymphocytes and Ag-MHC Class II recognized by CD4 T lymphocytes

Both T cell subsets produce cytokines and become activated

Clonal proliferation

CD4 T cells stimulate B cells to produce Abs and promote delayed hypersensitivity

CD8 T cells destroy cells in tissue grafts, tumor cells, or virus- infected cells

Question 19

General mechanism of immediate allergies (Type I hypersensitivity)

Answer 19

Allergens stimulate the Th2 cells –> cytokines –> B-cell produces IgE antibodies –> IgE receptors on mast cells –> Mast cells coated with IgE releases mediators of type I hypersensitivity

Question 20

What are the chemical mediators of type I hypersensitivity?

Answer 20

histamine and serotonin

Question 21

This type of hypersensitivity is cell-mediated and is characterized by tissue damage initiated by TH1 cells.

Answer 21

delayed type hypersensitivity

Question 22

T/F. In delayed type hypersensitivity, symptoms appear after several hours (24-48 hrs).

Answer 22

T.

Question 23

What chemicals induce delayed type hypersensitivity.

Answer 23

poison ivy, jewelry, cosmetics, latex, M. tuberculosis

Question 24

Autoimmune conditions occur when?

Answer 24

T cells and B cells react against self proteins.

Autoantibodies bind self antigens

Question 25

T/F. In type 1 DM, Th1 cells react against insulin-producing cells in the pancreas which results in insulin insufficiency and loss of control over blood sugar levels.

Answer 25

T.

Question 26

T/F. Hyperthyroidism is a result of T cells and B cells reacting against self proteins.

Answer 26

False. Hyperthyroidism- autoantibodies produced attack thyroglobulin leading to local inflammation and host cell destruction

Question 27

T/F. Genetics may not influence incidence, type, and severity of autoimmune diseases

Answer 27

F. It may