Immunology (Adaptive immunity) Flashcards
T/F. Adaptive immunity is activated when innate immunity fails.
T
T/F. For primary antigen exposure, development of adaptive immunity is immediately achieved.
False. Requires several days for adaptive immunity to kick in upon primary infection.
T/F. Adaptive immunity is highly specific
True.
T/F. Adaptive immunity, as oppose to innate immunity has immunologic memory.
True.
T/F. Cell mediated responses are facilitated by B cells while antibody-mediated responses are facilitated by T cells.
False.
T/F. More foreign antigens are more immunogenic.
T
T/F. The bigger the antigen is the more immunogenic it becomes.
T (usually 10, 000 kda MW)
T/F. Amino acid homopolymers are more immunogenic than heteropolymers.
F
T/F. Haptens may become immunogenic when linked to a carrier protein.
T
T/F. The genetic composition of the host may determine immunogenicity of antigens.
T
T/F. Dosage, route, and timing of Ag administration does not affect its immunogenicity.
False.
These are gene loci that produce proteins that bind and present antigens.
MCH
T/F. T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes antigen bound on MHC on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
T.
General pathway of antibody-mediated immune response.
CD4 T- cell lymphocytes recognize Ag-bound to MHC Class II molecules on APC
Cytokines are produced
B cells are stimulated to express antibodies
This antibody coats antigens, facilitates phagocytosis, and most abundant (80%) in the serum. It is also known to cross the placenta.
IgG
This antibody is known for its bactericidal effect by agglutination and is first produced in an immune response.
IgM
This antibody is know to mediate allergic reactions and defense against parasites.
IgE
This antibody is known to facilitate B cell responses.
IgD
General mechanism of cell-mediated response.
Ag-MHC Class I recognized by CD8 T lymphocytes and Ag-MHC Class II recognized by CD4 T lymphocytes
Both T cell subsets produce cytokines and become activated
Clonal proliferation
CD4 T cells stimulate B cells to produce Abs and promote delayed hypersensitivity
CD8 T cells destroy cells in tissue grafts, tumor cells, or virus- infected cells
General mechanism of immediate allergies (Type I hypersensitivity)
Allergens stimulate the Th2 cells –> cytokines –> B-cell produces IgE antibodies –> IgE receptors on mast cells –> Mast cells coated with IgE releases mediators of type I hypersensitivity
What are the chemical mediators of type I hypersensitivity?
histamine and serotonin
This type of hypersensitivity is cell-mediated and is characterized by tissue damage initiated by TH1 cells.
delayed type hypersensitivity
T/F. In delayed type hypersensitivity, symptoms appear after several hours (24-48 hrs).
T.
What chemicals induce delayed type hypersensitivity.
poison ivy, jewelry, cosmetics, latex, M. tuberculosis
Autoimmune conditions occur when?
T cells and B cells react against self proteins.
Autoantibodies bind self antigens
T/F. In type 1 DM, Th1 cells react against insulin-producing cells in the pancreas which results in insulin insufficiency and loss of control over blood sugar levels.
T.
T/F. Hyperthyroidism is a result of T cells and B cells reacting against self proteins.
False. Hyperthyroidism- autoantibodies produced attack thyroglobulin leading to local inflammation and host cell destruction
T/F. Genetics may not influence incidence, type, and severity of autoimmune diseases
F. It may
