Viral infections of Upper respiratory tract Flashcards
How are viral infections transmitted?
Fomites or aerosol
Where do rhinoviruses replicate and why?
In upper respiratory tract–more ideal temperature compared to lungs
What is the pattern of infection for adenovirus?
Persistent replication on respiratory mucosal surface
Hangs out and replicates with no symptoms then does its thing when stressor occurs
What are the viruses that show acute infection with replication confined to respiratory mucosal surface?
Coronavirus
Paramyxocirus–parainfluenza and RSV
Orthomyxovirus–influenza
What pattern of infection does the paramyxoviruses–mumps and measles have?
Systemic replication–dissemination after primary replication in respiratory tract
What type of virus is a coronavirus?
+ ssRNA virus
What are new strains of coronavirus cause lethal respiratory diseases?
SARS and MERS
What viruses fall under the orthomyxoviridae?
Influenzavirus
Where does replication occur for the influenza virus?
Nuclear
What type of genome does the orthomyxoviridae have?
Influenzavirus–segmented (-) ssRNA
Enveloped
What viruses are paramyxoviridae?
Mumps Parainfluenzavirus 1-4 Measles Pneumovirus Respiratory syncytial virus
Where does replication occur for the paramyxoviridae?
Cytoplasm
What is the genome for the paramyxoviridae?
Non-segmented (-) ssRNA
Enveloped
What are the tx options for the flu?
Antiviral drugs–tamiflu and relenza
Vaccines–Fluzone–inactivated vaccine and Flumist–live attenuated vaccine
What are the two viruses that cause croup?
Parainfluenza and RSV
When is the peak incidence of croup?
Winter
What is the tx for croup?
At home with steam and humidifiers
What are the complications seen with croup
Pneumonia and respiratory distress
Are adenovirus infections common?
Yes–ppl infected by at least 1 by age 15–most often asymptomatic
What systems are most commonly affected by adenovirus?
Respiratory
GI
Eye
How is adenovirus spread?
Aerosal Close contact Fecal-oral route Fingers Ophthalmologic instruments
Where is adenovirus very persistent?
Lymphoid tissue–tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches
