Viral infections of Upper respiratory tract

Question 1

How are viral infections transmitted?

Answer 1

Fomites or aerosol

Question 2

Where do rhinoviruses replicate and why?

Answer 2

In upper respiratory tract–more ideal temperature compared to lungs

Question 3

What is the pattern of infection for adenovirus?

Answer 3

Persistent replication on respiratory mucosal surface

Hangs out and replicates with no symptoms then does its thing when stressor occurs

Question 4

What are the viruses that show acute infection with replication confined to respiratory mucosal surface?

Answer 4

Coronavirus
Paramyxocirus–parainfluenza and RSV
Orthomyxovirus–influenza

Question 5

What pattern of infection does the paramyxoviruses–mumps and measles have?

Answer 5

Systemic replication–dissemination after primary replication in respiratory tract

Question 6

What type of virus is a coronavirus?

Answer 6

+ ssRNA virus

Question 7

What are new strains of coronavirus cause lethal respiratory diseases?

Answer 7

SARS and MERS

Question 8

What viruses fall under the orthomyxoviridae?

Answer 8

Influenzavirus

Question 9

Where does replication occur for the influenza virus?

Answer 9

Nuclear

Question 10

What type of genome does the orthomyxoviridae have?

Answer 10

Influenzavirus–segmented (-) ssRNA

Enveloped

Question 11

What viruses are paramyxoviridae?

Answer 11

Mumps
Parainfluenzavirus 1-4
Measles
Pneumovirus
Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 12

Where does replication occur for the paramyxoviridae?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

What is the genome for the paramyxoviridae?

Answer 13

Non-segmented (-) ssRNA

Enveloped

Question 14

What are the tx options for the flu?

Answer 14

Antiviral drugs–tamiflu and relenza

Vaccines–Fluzone–inactivated vaccine and Flumist–live attenuated vaccine

Question 15

What are the two viruses that cause croup?

Answer 15

Parainfluenza and RSV

Question 16

When is the peak incidence of croup?

Answer 16

Winter

Question 17

What is the tx for croup?

Answer 17

At home with steam and humidifiers

Question 18

What are the complications seen with croup

Answer 18

Pneumonia and respiratory distress

Question 19

Are adenovirus infections common?

Answer 19

Yes–ppl infected by at least 1 by age 15–most often asymptomatic

Question 20

What systems are most commonly affected by adenovirus?

Answer 20

Respiratory
GI
Eye

Question 21

How is adenovirus spread?

Answer 21

Aerosal
Close contact
Fecal-oral route
Fingers
Ophthalmologic instruments

Question 22

Where is adenovirus very persistent?

Answer 22

Lymphoid tissue–tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches