Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro II > Viral Infections of the CNS > Flashcards

Viral Infections of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between meningitis & encephalitis?

A
  • meningitis - inflammation of the leptomeninges
  • encephalitis - inflammation of brain parenchyma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the term for the two inner meningeal layers?

A

leptomeninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the term for the dura & arachnoid?

A

pachymeninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common causative agent of meningitis? It is most common during what time of year?

A

enterovirus (coxsackievirus, echovirus, poliovirus)
summer months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do we call any meningitis where the cause is not apparent after initial evaluation & CSF?

A

septic meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the modes of transmission in which people can acquire causative agents of viral meningitis?

A
  • direct contamination
  • respiratory droplets
  • fecal-oral contamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of acute encephalitis?

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the most important histories to consider when evaluating a patient with meningitis?

A
  • recent illness/sick contacts
  • immunizations
  • contact w/ animals or insects
  • recent travel; geographical location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with viral meningitis? Treatment?

A
  • younger age / IC
  • Symptoms
    • mild, flue-like
    • headache (esp. bifrontal)
    • fever
    • photophobia
    • nuchal rigidity
    • malaise/change in mental status
    • nausea
  • Treatment
    • typically self-limited; lasting <1week
    • no treatment often needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of cells are targeted by poliomyelitis virus?

Transmission?

A

motor neurons (anterior horn cells)

fecal-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of cells are targeted by varicella zoster virus?

A

peripheral sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical picture of a patient infected with EBV?

A

mononuceleosis-like picture w/ rash, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of cells are targeted by rabies virus?

A

brainstem neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cells are targeted by west nile virus?

Transmission?

A

poliomyelitis (anterior horn cells)

summer months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common complication after a lumbar puncture?

A

post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fill out the provided table for expected CSF profile for different etiologies

A
17
Q

If you notice RBC in the CSF of on a lumbar puncture, you should think of what etiological cause?

A

HSV

18
Q

What is the treatment for Viral meningitis?

A
  • supportive
  • monitor for seizure
  • empiric treatment
    • if meningoencephalitis, start antibiotics or acyclovir
19
Q

What are the priimary findings with encephalitis?

A
  • fever
  • headache
  • malaise
  • altered mental status
20
Q

HSV most commonly affects what areas of the brain in encephalitis?

A

temporal lobe

21
Q

The Arboviruses most commonly cause what types of symptoms in encephalitis?

A
  • Eastern Equine
    • diffuse brain involvement (coma)
  • WNV
    • flaccid paralysis, fever HA
22
Q

VZV most commonly cause what types of symptoms in encephalitis?

A

vascuopathy

23
Q

What is the diagnostic workup for a patient with encephalitis?

A
  • complete history & physical exam
  • laboratories (serum)
  • CT head (MRI brain), lumbar puncture +/- EEG
24
Q

What is the management for encephalitis?

A
  • antibiotics (empiric or organism specific)
  • anticonvulsant therapy (if needed)
  • intracranial hypertension directed therapy (if needed)
25
Q

What are the clinical features seen in HSV encephalitis?

A
  • change in consciousness
  • fever
  • change in personality
    • Kluver Bucy Syndrome
    • hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality
  • headache
  • seizures
  • autonomic changes
  • aphasia
  • amnesia & hallucinations
26
Q

What pathology is shown in the provided image? It is indicative of what etiological cause?

A

hemorrhagic necrosis of right temporal lobe

from HSV

27
Q

What would you expect to see in the CSF studies from a patient with HSV encephalitis?

A
  • HSV PCR
  • +RBCs
28
Q

What EEG changes would you expect to see in a patient with HSV encephalitis?

A
  • diffuse slowing, focal temporal changes, & peeriodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges (PLEDS)
29
Q

What is the treatment for HSV encephalitis?

A

IV acyclovir (10mg/kg q8x14-21 days)

start empiracally when suspected

prolonged oral course following IV course

30
Q

Most relapses of HSV encephalitis occur within what timeframe of completing initial treatment?

A

3 months

31
Q

What would you expect to see in a lumbar puncture of a patient with west nile virus?

A

abnormally high lymphocyte count or pleocytosis with hight total protein & WNV-specific IgM antibodies

32
Q

What are the most common primary syndromes seen with HIV/AIDS in the CNS?

A

AIDS dementia complex (20%)

HIV myelopathy (20%)

HIV sensory neuropathy (30%)

33
Q

Whta is Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome & at what timepoint does it occur?

A

state of dysregulated, hyperinflammatory response against opportunistic infections that usually occur in first 6 mo. of treatment of HIV/AIDS patients

34
Q

Is is common to detect SARS-COV-2 in CSF?

What are the nervous system manifestations of Covid-19?

A

no, it is rare

  • CNS
    • impaired consciousness
    • acure cerebrovascular disease
  • PNS
    • skeletal muscle injury
35
Q

What antibodies present in paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis can mimic viral encephalitis? They are each associate wtih waht cancers?

A

Hu, CV2/CRMP5, VGKC - lung

Ma2 - testicular

NMDAR - teratoma of overies

VGKC - thymoma

36
Q

What is the name of the syndrome caused by paraneoplastic autoimmune that can mimic viral encephalitis?

A

limbic encephalitis

37
Q

What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

A

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by mis-folded prion proteins

38
Q

What is the presentaiton of a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

A

rapidly progressive dementia

39
Q

What is the probable diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

A

neuropsychiatric disorder + RTQuIC in CSF/other tissue

OR

  • Rapidly progressing dementia & 2/4 following:
    • myoclonus
    • visual or cerebellar signs
    • pyramidal/extrapyramidal signs
    • akinetic mutism
  • often w/ exaggerated startle response

Neuro II (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions