Neuropsychological Correlates of Cortical and Subcortical Damage Flashcards
What is the “lesion method”?
approach to understanding brain-behavior relationships
dysfunction in varied neuroanatomicla funtional systems leads to predictable & reliable cognitive and behavioral changes ; localized damage has systemic effects
Damage to the anterior part of the left side of the brain lead to what deficit?
Speech production (Broca’s aphasia)
Damage to the posterior part of the left side of the brain lead to what deficit?
disturbance in speech comprehension (Wernicke’s aphasia)
What functions are generally lateralized to the left hemisphere?
speech & language functions
What functions are generally lateralized to the right hemisphere?
nonverbal, visuospatial functions
Lesions can be caused by what means?
- cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
- surgical ablation of non-malignant cerebral tumors
- focal viral infections of central nervous system
- HSV encephalitis
- traumatic brain injury / degenerative diseases
The is the left hemisphere - identify the indicated parts
What do we see in damage to right frontal area analogous to the Brocas on the left?
deficits in expressive procody (nonverbal aspects of communication)
The posterio brain regions are responsible for what functions?
sensation & perception
The anterior brain regions are responsible for what functions?
effector systems specialized for execution of behavior
primary motor cortices
motor area for speech
executive functions
What regions are depicted by the colors
yellow
red
green
- yellow - mesial region
- red - anterior temporal pole
- green - inferotemporal region
What are the components of the mesial temporal lobe?
- hippocampus
- amygdala
- entorhinal cortex
- perihinal cortex
- anterior portion of parahippocampal gyrus
What is the principal function of the hippocampus?
enterograde memory (new info / day-day recall)
What type of memory is not mediated by the hippocampus?
perceptual motor learning
(automatic motor programming)
Injury to the amygdala has what effect on memory?
memory that is emotional in nature
What aspects of the temporal lobes play a role with retrograde memory?
- anterior & nonmesial sectors
- lateral & inferior
What is a clinical observation of a patient that has damage to the non-mesial section of the left temporal region?
have a hard time coming up with words / naming things