Viral infections Flashcards
What viruses cause gastroenteritis?
- Rotavirus: peak from 6 months to 2 years
- Enteric adenoviruses
- Norovirus
- Astrovirus
- Calicivirus
Which viruse presents as bronchiolitis?
RSV
What is the virus that causes common cold?
Rhinovirus
What viruse causes 30% of common colds?
Coronavirus
What are the enteroviruses?
- Small picoRNAvirus: fecal-oral spread, replicate in GI tract
- Coxsackie A (23)
- Coxsackie B (6)
- Echovirus (32)
- Enterovirus 68-71
- Poliovirus 1, 2, 3,
- Polio: invasion of brain and spinal cord, destroying anterior horn cells, vaccination introduced in 1955 (IPV and OPV)
- Echo
What is the most frequent opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis jiroveci
What is the leading cause of death worldwide for HIV-infected patients?
TB
What is the standard care for HIV patients?
HAART: Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (TRIPPLE THERAPY):
- NRTI
- NNRTI
- PI
- FI
- Integrase Inhibitors
- CCR5 receptor antagonists
When do we treat an HIV patient?
- All HIV+ children < 1 year of age
- All HIV+ pregnant women
- All symptomatic HIV+ patients regardless of CD4 count
- All patients with moderate immune suppression regardless of symptoms
What vaccine is an absolute contraindication for a child with HIV?
BCG
How do you manage a pregnant woman with HIV?
- HAART (continue or start after 1st trimester)
- Prophylaxis for the baby
- No breastfeeding
What is the risk of HIV transmission by perinatal exposure?
13 - 45%
What is the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion?
≈ 100%
What type pf hepatitis are transmitted fecal-orally?
Hepatitis A and E
What type of hepatitis are transmitted sexually, vertically and perenterally?
Hepatitis B, C and Delta
