Bacterial infections Flashcards
What pathogen do you suspect in a nose and sinus infection?
- S.pneumoniae
- GAS
- S.aureus
- H.influenzae
What pathogen do you suspect in a Throat/Pharynx infection?
GAS
What pathogen do you suspect in a Lungs/bronchi infection?
- S.pneumoniae
- H.influenzae
- S.aureus,
- Klebsiella spp
- Other Enterobacteriaceae
What pathogen do you suspect in an ear infection?
S.pneumoniae
What pathogen do you suspect in a stomach infection?
Helicobacter pylori
What pathogen do you suspect in an intestine infection?
- Salmonella, Shigella
- E.coli O157:H7
What pathogen do you suspect in a UTI infection?
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Enterococcus
What pathogen do you suspect in a CNS infection?
- N.meningitidis
- H.influenzae
- S.pneumoniae
- Listeria
What pathogen do you suspect in an eye infection?
- Haemophilus
- Moraxella
- N.gonorrhoeae,
- S.pneumoniae
What pathogen do you suspect in a wound infection?
- S.aureus
- GAS
What pathogen do you suspect in a bone or joint infection?
- S.aureus
- GAS
Which scheme provides the most accurate identification?
Amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes
Which scheme is most commonly used in labs for identification purposes?
- Culture and biochemical analysis of an isolate
- MALDI-TOF analysis
Which scheme is sufficient in most cases to guide appropriate empiric therapy?
Gram stain of an isolate
What is the primary reason to treat group A Streptococcus pharyngitis?
Prevention of rheumatic heart disease
What are the complications of Staphylococcus spp infection?
Pyogenic
- Cellulitis
- Abscesses
- Osteomyelitis
- Endocarditis
Toxin Mediated
- Toxic Shock Syndrome – TSST-1
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome – exfoliative toxin A/B
What is the clinical presentation of a Group B Streptococcus infection?
- Neonatal sepsis
- Neonatal meningitis
- Prenatal screening programs
- Diabetic wound infections
What pathogen causes lobar peunomina and can lead to meningitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What pathogen causes dental caries bacteremia, endocarditis and mouth abscesses?
Viridans Streptococcus species
Where is Enterococcus normally found?
In the GI and biliary tract
What can cause Listeria?
INVASIVE
- Meningitis
- Chorioamnionitis
- Granulomatous infantiseptica
- Bacteremia, endocarditis
NON INVASIVE
- Febrile diarrhea syndromes (culture negative)
Listeria = Major foodborne illness
What are the 3 types of Corynebacteria?
- C diphtheriae – diphtheria
- C urealyticum – renal disease/ calculi
- C jeikeium – mutliresistant, bacteremia
What are the main cocci gram-positive bacterias?
- Staphylococcus spp.
- Streptococcus spp.
- Enterococcus spp.
What are the bacili gram-positive bacterias?
- Corynebacteria spp.
- Bacillus spp.
- Listeria monocytogenes
What are the main cocci gram-negative bacterias?
- Neisseria spp
- Moraxella spp
- Acinetobacter spp
What are the main gram-negative bacili bacterias?
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Haemophilus spp.
What pathogen smells like grape and stains green in culture?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the main bacterias that causes meningitis?
Neisseria (gram-negative)
- Pneumonia
- Otitis media
- Cconjunctivitis
- Sinusitis
- Osteomyelitis
- Skin infections
- Epiglotitis
What pathogen do you suspect?
Haemophilus (gram-negative)
What do these 3 pathogens have in common?
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
They are Encapsulated Organisms and have vaccines !!
What are the most prevalent Anaerobes opportunistic bacteria?
- Clostridioides difficile (C DIFFICILE)
- Bacteroides
You have a patient with walking pneumona (intersitial pattern on CXR). What pathogen can be the cause of it?
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila psitacci
- Coxiella burnetti
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Legionella pneumophilia
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is Legionella?
An atypical gram negative rod associated with contaminated water systems in homes and institutions
What is Rickettsiae?
A small Gram negative rods (rarely stain) that cause:
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever – Dermacentor spp
- Epidemic Typhus / Brill Zinser - lice
- Murine Typhus – fleas
What is the most common route of infection of a bacteria?
Direct extension
Others:
- Lymphatic spread
- Hematologous spread
- Ingestion (rare)
What is the most common bacteria that infects oral/dental/face area?
STREPTOCOCCU SPP
What is the antibiotic of choice for a dental/oral infection?
Penicillin
What is the appropriate management of dental/oral infection?
- Patient Care: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, medical problems, rest and nutrition (hydration is important), presence of fever
- Incision and Drainage: THAT THE PROPER TREATMENT BEFORE ANTIBIOTICS, leave the drain for 2 days to drain all the pus and provide an oxygenated environment (kills anaerobes)
- Antibiotic Therapy: aerobic AND anaerobic bacteria, always do 2 culture and sensitivity tests, Give Penicillin
- Removal of the cause (IMPORTANT): extraction or endodontic treatment
What are the 2 most comon pathogens of UTI?
- E.coli
- Staph. Saprophyticus
