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Boc G - Infections > Bacterial infections > Flashcards

Bacterial infections Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a nose and sinus infection?

A
  • S.pneumoniae
  • GAS
  • S.aureus
  • H.influenzae
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2
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a Throat/Pharynx infection?

A

GAS

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3
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a Lungs/bronchi infection?

A
  • S.pneumoniae
  • H.influenzae
  • S.aureus,
  • Klebsiella spp
  • Other Enterobacteriaceae
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4
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in an ear infection?

A

S.pneumoniae

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5
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a stomach infection?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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6
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in an intestine infection?

A
  • Salmonella, Shigella
  • E.coli O157:H7
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7
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a UTI infection?

A
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Enterococcus
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8
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a CNS infection?

A
  • N.meningitidis
  • H.influenzae
  • S.pneumoniae
  • Listeria
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9
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in an eye infection?

A
  • Haemophilus
  • Moraxella
  • N.gonorrhoeae,
  • S.pneumoniae
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10
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a wound infection?

A
  • S.aureus
  • GAS
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11
Q

What pathogen do you suspect in a bone or joint infection?

A
  • S.aureus
  • GAS
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12
Q

Which scheme provides the most accurate identification?

A

Amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes

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13
Q

Which scheme is most commonly used in labs for identification purposes?

A
  1. Culture and biochemical analysis of an isolate
  2. MALDI-TOF analysis
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14
Q

Which scheme is sufficient in most cases to guide appropriate empiric therapy?

A

Gram stain of an isolate

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15
Q

What is the primary reason to treat group A Streptococcus pharyngitis?

A

Prevention of rheumatic heart disease

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16
Q

What are the complications of Staphylococcus spp infection?

A

Pyogenic

  • Cellulitis
  • Abscesses
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Endocarditis

Toxin Mediated

  • Toxic Shock Syndrome – TSST-1
  • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome – exfoliative toxin A/B
17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a Group B Streptococcus infection?

A
  • Neonatal sepsis
  • Neonatal meningitis
  • Prenatal screening programs
  • Diabetic wound infections
18
Q

What pathogen causes lobar peunomina and can lead to meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

19
Q

What pathogen causes dental caries bacteremia, endocarditis and mouth abscesses?

A

Viridans Streptococcus species

20
Q

Where is Enterococcus normally found?

A

In the GI and biliary tract

21
Q

What can cause Listeria?

A

INVASIVE

  • Meningitis
  • Chorioamnionitis
  • Granulomatous infantiseptica
  • Bacteremia, endocarditis

NON INVASIVE

  • Febrile diarrhea syndromes (culture negative)

Listeria = Major foodborne illness

22
Q

What are the 3 types of Corynebacteria?

A
  1. C diphtheriae – diphtheria
  2. C urealyticum – renal disease/ calculi
  3. C jeikeium – mutliresistant, bacteremia
23
Q

What are the main cocci gram-positive bacterias?

A
  1. Staphylococcus spp.
  2. Streptococcus spp.
  3. Enterococcus spp.
24
Q

What are the bacili gram-positive bacterias?

A
  1. Corynebacteria spp.
  2. Bacillus spp.
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
25
Q

What are the main cocci gram-negative bacterias?

A
  1. Neisseria spp
  2. Moraxella spp
  3. Acinetobacter spp
26
Q

What are the main gram-negative bacili bacterias?

A
  1. Enterobacteriaceae
  2. Haemophilus spp.
27
Q

What pathogen smells like grape and stains green in culture?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

28
Q

What is the main bacterias that causes meningitis?

A

Neisseria (gram-negative)

29
Q
  • Pneumonia
  • Otitis media
  • Cconjunctivitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Skin infections
  • Epiglotitis

What pathogen do you suspect?

A

Haemophilus (gram-negative)

30
Q

What do these 3 pathogens have in common?

  1. Neisseria meningitidis
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
A

They are Encapsulated Organisms and have vaccines !!

31
Q

What are the most prevalent Anaerobes opportunistic bacteria?

A
  1. Clostridioides difficile (C DIFFICILE)
  2. Bacteroides
32
Q

You have a patient with walking pneumona (intersitial pattern on CXR). What pathogen can be the cause of it?

A
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae
  • Chlamydophila psitacci
  • Coxiella burnetti
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Legionella pneumophilia
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
33
Q

What is Legionella?

A

An atypical gram negative rod associated with contaminated water systems in homes and institutions

34
Q

What is Rickettsiae?

A

A small Gram negative rods (rarely stain) that cause:

  1. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever – Dermacentor spp
  2. Epidemic Typhus / Brill Zinser - lice
  3. Murine Typhus – fleas
35
Q

What is the most common route of infection of a bacteria?

A

Direct extension

Others:

  1. Lymphatic spread
  2. Hematologous spread
  3. Ingestion (rare)
36
Q

What is the most common bacteria that infects oral/dental/face area?

A

STREPTOCOCCU SPP

37
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for a dental/oral infection?

A

Penicillin

38
Q

What is the appropriate management of dental/oral infection?

A
  1. Patient Care: AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, medical problems, rest and nutrition (hydration is important), presence of fever
  2. Incision and Drainage: THAT THE PROPER TREATMENT BEFORE ANTIBIOTICS, leave the drain for 2 days to drain all the pus and provide an oxygenated environment (kills anaerobes)
  3. Antibiotic Therapy: aerobic AND anaerobic bacteria, always do 2 culture and sensitivity tests, Give Penicillin
  4. Removal of the cause (IMPORTANT): extraction or endodontic treatment
39
Q

What are the 2 most comon pathogens of UTI?

A
  1. E.coli
  2. Staph. Saprophyticus

Boc G - Infections (7 decks)

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