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Boc G - Infections > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 3rd leading parasitic cause of death in the world?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of a Entamoeba histolytica infection?

A

AMOEBIASIS (lower GI):

  • Bloody, mucousy diarrhea
  • Fever
  • Abdominal pain
  • Liver abscess
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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Oral-fecal

Human is the only source

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4
Q

What is the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • Metronidazole in the tissue
  • Iodoquinol, Diodoquin, Furamide in the bowel lumen
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5
Q

What is the most common enteric parasite in US/Canada?

A

Giardia lamblia

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of a Gardia Lamblia infection?

A

Upper GI:

  • Diarrhea
  • Flatulence
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Decreased appetite, + weight loss, + nausea
  • NO fever
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7
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia?

A
  • Oral-fecal
  • Zoonosis
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8
Q

What is the treatment of Giardia lamblia?

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Quinacrine

Resistance is an increasing problem

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Cryptosporidium?

A

Diarrhea 2-3 weeks (chronic in AIDS or other immune compromise), cholecystitis, respiratory distress

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10
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Cryptosporidium?

A
  • Person-person and oral-fecal
  • Zoonosis (bovine)
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11
Q

What is the treatment of Cryptosporidium?

A
  • HIV-neg: nitazoxanide optional
  • HIV-pos: ART
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12
Q

Where does Cyclospora come from?

A

Raspberries, basil from Guatemala, Mexico

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13
Q

What are the 3 Systemic protozoa?

A
  1. Toxoplasma
  2. Leishmania (flagellates)
  3. African Trypanosomiasis (flagellates
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14
Q

What are the 4 types/clinical features of toxoplasma?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathic/acute
  2. Ocular
  3. Neonatal (splenomegaly)
  4. Immunocompromised
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15
Q

How is toxoplasma transmitted ?

A
  1. Fecal oral from cat
  2. Oral (raw/undercooked meat)
  3. Transplacental during infection
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of Leishmania?

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Mucocutaneous
  3. Visceral
17
Q

How are Leishmania and African Trypanosomiasis transmitted?

A

Zoonosis reservoir, mosquito vector

18
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A
  • Chills
  • Rigors
  • Fever
  • Perspiration
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Delirium
  • Confusion
  • Coma
  • Shortness of breath
  • Jaundice
  • Anemia
  • Splenomegaly
19
Q

What is the treatment of malaria?

A

NEED TO KNOW WHERE IT IS FROM TO KNOW IS RESISTANT

  • Oral Quinine (if they are clinically well and tolerance PO)
  • IV Artusunate (IV)
20
Q

How is malaria transmitted?

A

FUCKING MOSQUITOS: Humans are only reservoir

21
Q

What are the intestinal Helminths genus parasites that have a fecal oral transmission?

A
  1. Trichuris (whipworm)
  2. Enterobius (pinworm)
  3. Ascaris (roundworm)
22
Q

How is Strongyloides (threadworm) transitted?

A

Contact with feces contaminated soil

VERY DANGEROUS BECAUSE: “Autoinfective cycle” (multiplies inside the host) and can live for 70 years

23
Q

How do we diagnose Strongyloides (threadworm)?

A
  • Agar plate culture
  • Serology
24
Q

How do we treat Strongyloides (threadworm)?

A
  • Ivermectin
  • Albendazole
25
Q

Which systemic nematodes presents in carnivore because of raw meat ingestion?

A

Trichinella (Trichinosis)

26
Q

How do we diagnose Trichinella (Trichinosis)?

A
  • Symptoms
  • Eosinophilia
  • CK
  • Serology
  • Biopsy
27
Q

How do we treat Trichinella (Trichinosis)?

A
  • Albendazole
  • Prednisone
28
Q

Which systemic nematodes requires an insect of crustaean vector to be transmitted?

A

Filaria (systemic roundworm)

29
Q

Which Trematodes are transmitted in WATER?

A
  • Schistosomiasis (blood flukes)
  • Opisthorchis viverini (Liver flukes)
  • Clonorchis sinensis (Liver flukes)
  • Fasciola hepaticum (Liver flukes)
  • Metorchis conjunctus (Liver flukes)
  • Diphyllobothrium spp. (Fish tapeworms)
30
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Trematodes parasites?

A

Praziquantel

31
Q

Which trematodes causes B12 deficiency?

A

Diphyllobothrium spp. (Fish tapeworms)

32
Q

What are the parasites associated with severe Eosinophilia?

A

Those that INVADE tissues:

  • Filaria
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Strongyloidiasis
  • Trichinella
  • Loa Loa
33
Q

What are the most common illnesses prevalent in the tropics that present with fever in the returned traveler?

A
  1. Malaria
  2. Dengue
  3. Typhoid
34
Q

What is the most common cause of traveller’s diarrhea?

A
  • ETEC
  • Shigella
  • Campy
  • Salmonella
  • Rotavirus
  • Giardia
  • E. Histo
  • Crypto
  • Cylospora
35
Q

Traveller of prolonged Diarrhea, what’s the most likely diagnosis?

A

POST-INFECTIOUS IBS

36
Q

What are the “spora” type of parasites that cause watery diarrhea and require a special stain?

A
  • Microsporidium spp
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Cyclospora cayetanensis
  • Isospora belli

Boc G - Infections (7 decks)

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