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Pediatrics (Ref: Topnotch notes) > Viral Infections > Flashcards

Viral Infections Flashcards

0
Q

Virus that causes measles

A

Paramyxoviridae (RNA VIRUS)

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1
Q

Period of communicability of measles

A

4 days before and 4 days after the onset of rash

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2
Q

Prodrome of measles

A

High grade fever
Conjunctivitis
Colds

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3
Q

Branny desquamation

A

Measles (rash)

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4
Q

What do you give to prevent measles complications?

A

Vitamin A single dose
100,000 iu orally for 6-12month old
200,000 iu > 1 yr old

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5
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis for measles

A
  1. Measles Ig witihin 6 days (0.25 ml/kg) Im

2. Measles active vaccine for > 1 yr old within 72hrs

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6
Q

This is a chronic complication of measles with delayed onset

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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7
Q

Stage 1 SSPE

A

Irritable
Temper outbursts
Reduced attention span

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8
Q

Stage 2 SSPE

A

Myocolnus (inflammation of the basal ganglia)

Consciousness is maintained

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9
Q

Stage 3 SSPE

A 
Choreoathetosis
Immobility
Dystonia
Lead pipe rigidity
Deterioration of sensorium
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10
Q

Stage 4 SSPE

A

Loss of critical centers for breathing, HR, BP

DEATH

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11
Q

Three day measles

A

Rubella

German measles

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12
Q

Viral Cause of rubella

A

Togaviridae (RNA virus)

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13
Q

Period of communicability of rubella

A

7 days before and 7 days after onset of rash

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14
Q

Most characteristic sign of rubella

A

Retroauricular, posterior cervical and postoccipital lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

Forscheimer spots

A

Rubella

Discrete rose spots on the soft palate

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16
Q

Blueberry muffin skin lesions

A

Congenital rubella

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17
Q

IUGR, congenital cataracts, microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, structural heart defects, later sequelae of motor and mental retardation

A

Congenital rubella

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18
Q

Viral cause of mumps

A

Paramyxovirodae

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19
Q

Usual presenting sign of mumps

A

Painful enlargement of parotid glands

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20
Q

Period of communicability of mumps

A

1-2 days before onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after its onset

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21
Q

Alarming manifestations of mumps

A

Edema of homolateral pharynx and soft palate
Edema of larynx
Edema over manubrium and upper chest wall

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22
Q

Most frequent complication of mumps

A

Meningoencephalitis

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23
Q

Other less common complication of mumps

A

Orchitis and epididymitis
Oophoritis
Dacryoadenitis or optic neuritis

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24
Nagayama spots
Roseola Ulcers in the uvulopalatiglossal jx in asians
25
Cause of roseola
Human herpes virus type 6
26
Latent type of roseola
Type A
27
Type of roseola that causes > 99% of cases
Type B
28
Fever for 3-5 days with fussiness
Roseola
29
Primary varicella infection
Chicken pox
30
Reactivation of varicella infection
Herpes zoster/shingles
31
Dewdrop on a rose petal
Rash of varicella zoster Starts on trunks Vesicular centrifugal rash
32
Cause of varicella
Neurotropic Human herpes virus
33
Period of communicability of varicella
1-2 days before onset of rash until 3-7 days adter its onset and when all lesions have crusted
34
Skin lesion with zigzag scarring associated with atrophy of the affected limb
Cicatrix In congenital varicella
35
Stigmata of VZV fetopathy
Skin Extremities Eyes Brain
36
Lifetime risk for herpes zoster
10-15% With 75% of cases occuring after 45 yo
37
Ramsay hunt syndrome
Aka herpes zoster oticus Sx: facial nerve paralysis, vesicles over the ears Involvement of the geniculate ganglion
38
When best to give acyclovir in herpes zoster
Most effective within 24 hrs of onset of rashes
39
Post exposure prophylaxis for herpes zoster
Active vaccine within 3-5 days exposure Anti vzv Ig for immunocompromised, pregnant, newborns exposed to maternal varicella: within 96 hrs ( 125 units/10kg IM) Newborns with moms positive for varicella infection 5 days before to 2 days after delivery
40
Cause of hand foot mouth disease
Coxsackie virus A16
41
Gold standard in the diagnosis of HSV infection
Virus culture
42
Management for disseminated HSV infection
Acyclovir 30mg/kg/day 3 doses as one hr IV infusion for 14-21 days
43
Management for genital herpes
Topical acyclovir Valacyclovir Famciclovir
44
Cause for poliomyelitis
Enterovirus from picornaviridae
45
Cause of herpangina
Coxsackievirus A
46
Cause of erythema infectiosum
Parvovirus B19 (only single stranded DNA virus)
47
Fifth disease
Erythema infectiosum
48
Slapped cheek as hallmark sign
Erythema infectiosum
49
Lacy reticulated appearance esp on extensors
Erythema infectiosum Central clearing of macular erythema
50
Exanthem subitum
Aka roseola
51
Sixth disease
Roseola
52
Rashes appear when fever abates
Roseola
53
Rash and aplastic crisis
Erythema infectiosum
54
Parts of brain affected by HSV
Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Limbic system
55
Hallmark: Skin vesicles and shallow ulcers
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
56
Mode of transmission of poliomyelitis
Fecal oral
57
Most common clinical form of poliomyelitis
Abortive (nonspecific febrile illness)
58
Specimen of choice when diagnosing poliomyelitis: end of 1st week
Blood (virus isolation)
59
Specimen of choice when diagnosing poliomyelitis: end of 2nd week
Throat
60
Specimen of choice when diagnosing poliomyelitis: end of 3rd week
Feces
61
Cause of infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-barr virus (member of herpesvirus) Man is the SOLE SOURCE
62
Mode of transmission of infectious mononucleosis
Sexual intercourse; oral secretions
63
Classic triad of infectious mononucleosis in adolescents
Fatigue Pharyngitis Generalized lymphadenopathy
64
Best known clinical syndrome due to Epstein-Barr virus
Infectious mononucleosis
65
Serologic test to confirm infectious mononucleosis
Heterophile antibody (Paul- Bunnell antibodies) Or Specific EBV antibodies
66
Most feared complication of infectious mononucleosis
Splenic rupture
67
What syndrome? - Symmetrical rashes on cheek - Multiple erythematous papules - Looks like atopic dermatitis - Associated with infectious mononucleosis
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome
68
MCC of congenital infection
Cytomegalovirus
69
``` Hepatosplenomegaly Jaundice Petechiae Purpura Microcephaly ```
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
70
Pathognomonic for CMV infection
Strikingly enlarged epithelial or mesenchymal cells with large intranuclear inclusions
71
Influenza virus -from what family
Orthomyxoviridae
72
Influenza type: causes epidemic; primary; has animal host; causes myocarditis
Type A
73
Influenza type: primary; causes epidemic; no animal host; myocarditis and myositis
Type B
74
Influenza type: causes sporadic cases of URTI
Type C
75
Diagnosis to confirm influenza
Hemagglutination inhibition
76
Prophylaxis and treatment for Type A influenza outbreaks
Amantadine and Rimantadine
77
Vector of dengue fever
Aedes aegypti
78
Generalized maculopapular rash that spares palms and soles, appears 1-2 days after defervescence
Hermann's rash
80
Dengue with warning signs
``` Abdominal pain Persistent vomiting Mucosal bleed Clinical fluid accumulation Lethargy, listlessness Liver enlargement > 2 cm Inc Hct with dec PLT ```
81
In rabies, the most severe disease is evident in which part of the nervous system?
Pons and floor of 4th ventricle
82
Seen in brain of rabid animal
Negri bodies
83
Category of bites
Category 1:Licking, Nibbling of intact skin Category 2: superficial abrasians without bleeding Category 3: lacerations, transdermal bites, puncture wounds with bleed, all wounds on HEAD AND NECK with or without bleeding
84
Active anti-rabies vaccination
0.5 ml IM on days 0,3,7,14,28 5th dose is optional
85
Antibiotic prophylaxis for category 3 bites
Coamoxiclav 40 mkD x 7 days
86
Cells affected by HIV
Cells expressing CD4+ molecules and cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage
87
Confirmatory test for HIV
Western immunoblot or IF assay
88
Best single porgnostic indicator in HIV
Viral load
102
Dengue without warning signs
``` Rashes Aches and pains Nausea and vomiting Tournique test positive Leukopenia ```

Pediatrics (Ref: Topnotch notes) (4 decks)

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