Nephrology

Question 0

> 80% is preceeded by gastroenteritis caused by shiga toxin-producing E coli O157:H7 in developed countries

Answer 0

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 1

Most common cause of acute renal failure in young children

Answer 1

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 2

Helmet cells

Answer 2

HUS

Question 3

Burr cells

Answer 3

HUS

Question 4

Fragmented rbcs

Answer 4

HUS

Question 5

Potter facies

Answer 5

Polycystic kidney disease

( low set ears, micrognathia, flat nose, limb defects, growth deficiency)

( hypertension, hyponatremia, impaired renal function, hepatic fibrosis)

Question 6

Most common chronic glomerular disease worldwide

Answer 6

IgA nephropathy

Question 7

Upper limit of normal protein excretion in healthy children

Answer 7

150 mg per day

Question 8

Heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

Answer 8

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 9

Major complication of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 9

Infection

Due to urinary loss of Ig and properdin factor, defective cell mediated immunity, immunosuppresive therapy, malnutrition

Question 10

Dose of prednisone for nephrotic syndrome

Answer 10

Prednisone 60 mg/m2/ day (max dose 80mg) 2-3 doses for at least 4 wks

Question 11

When to do renal biopsy in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 11

Steroid resistant ( proteinuria of 2+ or greater after 8 wks steroids)

Question 12

Vaccine for nephrotic syndrome

Answer 12

1. Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine for all NS patients. To be given when in remission and off of daily steroids
2. Varicella (if negative titer)
3. Influenza vaccine yearly