Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics (Ref: Topnotch notes) > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

0
Q

Microbiologic characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A 
Gram+ rods
Non sporeforming
Aerobic
Non motile
Curved
Chinese character
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

3 biotypes of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Mitis
Gravis
Intermedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gray- brown adherent pseudomembrane

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bull neck appearance

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference of diphtheria and strep throat

A

Relative lack of fever

Nonexudative throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of diphtheria

A

Culture from nose and throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for diphtheria

A

Pen G 100,000-150,000 units/kg/day q6H x 14 d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eradicates nasopharyngeal carriage in diphtheria

A

Erythromycin 40-50 mkD PO or IV x 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most infectious stage of pertussis

A

Catarrhal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cough in pertussis

A

Explosive outbursts in series of 5-10 rapid coughs in 1 expiration and ending in a high pitched whoop (forceful inspiratory gasp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medium culture for pertussis

A

Bordet gengou agar plate

-swab from posterior nasopharynx for 15-30 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presumptive diagnosis for pertussis

A

Leukemoid reaction (very high wbc ct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complications of pertussis

A

HSOAP

Hemorrhage (subconjunctival or intracranial)
Seizures
Otitis media
Atelectasis, apnea, activation of latent TB
Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for pertussis

A

Erythromycin 40-50 mkD PO q6 x 14 days

Isolate px for at least 5 days after initiation of erythromycin therapy

Erythromycin x14 days for close contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of meningococcemia

A

Neisseria meningitidis

  • gram neg diplococci
  • maltose and glucose fermenter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Risk factors for meningococcemia

A
  • with viral infx (esp influenza)
  • smoking and smoking exposure
  • crowded living conditions (military, dormitories)
  • with underlying chronic diseases
  • low socioecomomic status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mode of transmission of meningococcemia

A

Person to person thru infected droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Diffuse adrenal hge
DIC
coma
Death

(In meningococcemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Important features of meningococcemia

A
  • abrupt fever, chills, headache, vomiting
  • rapid worsening of sx (within hrs)
  • mobilliform rash becoming petechial then purpuric within hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Difference of meningococcemia from other bacterial meningitis

A

Less frequent seizures and focal neurologic signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Poorer prognostic factors of meningococcemia

A
  • Absence of petechiae < 12 hrs before admission
  • Absence of meningitis
  • Low or normal ESR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DOC for meningococcemia

A

Penicillin G 250,000-400,000 U/kg/day IV in 4-6 divided doses for at least 5-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complications of enteric fever

A 
Intestinal hemorrhage (<1%)
Perforation (0.5-1%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mainstay of diagnosis of enteric fever

A

Blood culture - positive in 40-60% of px

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated fully sensitive enteric fever

A

Chloramphenicol

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated but multidrug resistance typhoid fever

A

Fluoroquinolone
Or
Cefixime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated but quinolone resistant typhoid

A

Azithromycin
Or
Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment for chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi

A

Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

4 species of shigella

A

Dysenteriae
Flexneri
Boydii
Sonnei

29
Q

Shigellosis: pathologic changes occur in what part of GIT

A

Colon, distal ileum

30
Q

Watery voluminous diarrhea evolving into frequent small-volume bloody mucoid stools, severe abdominal pain, high fever, abdominal tenderness, rectal tendernes

A

Shigellosis

31
Q

Most common cause of bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella sonnei

32
Q

Most severe form that causes epidemic dysentery

A

Shigella dysenteriae type 1

33
Q

Definitive diagnosis for shigellosis

A

Culture of stool and rectal swab specimen

34
Q

Culture medium for shigella

A

MacConkey agar
XLD
SS agar

35
Q

Treatment for shigellosis

A

Oral ampicillin

36
Q

Microbiologic characteristic of shigella

A

Gram neg rods
Non lactose fermenter
Non HS
Non motile

37
Q

Basic virulence trait for shigella

A

Ability to invade epithelial cells

  • Requires VERY LOW INOCULA to cause illness
38
Q

E.coli : group that causes infantile explosive diarrhea with dhn

A

ETEC

39
Q

Traveller’s diarrhea

montezuma’s revenge

A

ETEC

40
Q

E.coli : group that causes colonic lesions like dysentery

A

EIEC

41
Q

E.coli group that causes nonbloody diarrhea with mucus, prolonged

A

EPEC

42
Q

E.coli group that produces shiga-toxin, bloody diarrhea

A

EHEC

43
Q

Pathogenesis of E. Coli

A

Adherence of organisms to a glycoprotein or a glycolipid receptor

*Requires a LARGE INOCULUM of organisms to induce disease

44
Q

Confirmatory test for cholera

A

Stool culture

45
Q

Transport medium of cholera

A

Cary-blair

46
Q

Culture medium of choice for cholera

A

Thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose (TCBS) media

47
Q

Diarrhea is profuse, watery, painless, rice watery consistency and fishy odor without abdominal cramps or fever

A

Cholera

48
Q

“Darting” organisms in darkfield microscopy (rapid test)

A

Vibrio cholerae

49
Q

Antibiotics for cholera

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

50
Q

In cholera, dehydration will lead to what complication

A

Acute tubular necrosis

51
Q

In cholera, complication of hypoglycemia?

A

Coma–> death

52
Q

In cholera, what is the complication of hypokalemia?

A

Arrythmia

53
Q

Muscle affected in trismus

A

Masseter

54
Q

Muscle affected in risis sardonicus

A

Facial and buccal

55
Q

Progressive difficulty feeding, hunger and crying, paralysis or diminished movt, stiffness to touch, spasms with or without opisthotonus

A

Neonatal tetanus

56
Q

Antibiotic of choice for tetanus

A

Penicillin G

57
Q

Clean painless ulcers with raised borders that heal spontaneously are called?

A

Chancre

*Found in PRIMARY syphilis

58
Q

Syphilis: gummatous lesions

A

Tertiary syphilis

59
Q

Syphilis: non pruritic maculopapular rash involving palms and soles

A

Secondary syphilis

60
Q

Unilateral or bilateral thickening of steenoclavicular portion of the clavicle–what sign?

A

Higoumenakis sign

*a late manifestion of congenital syphilis

61
Q

Barrel-shaped upper central incisors

A

Hutchinson teeth

*a late manifestion of congenital syphilis

62
Q

Abnormal first lower molar

A

Mulberry molars

*a late manifestion of congenital syphilis

63
Q

Anterior bowing of the midportion of the tibia

A

Saber shin

*a late manifestion of congenital syphilis

64
Q

Painless knee joint swelling with sterile synovial fluid in px with congenital syphilis

A

Clutton joint

*a late manifestion of congenital syphilis

65
Q

Treatment for CONGENITAL syphilis

A

Aqueous penicillin G

66
Q

Treatment for primary, secondary and early latent syphilis

A

Bemzathine Penicillin G

67
Q

Jarisch-herxheimer reaction

A

Acute systemic febrile reaction with exacerbation of lesions occuring in 15-20% of px with acquired or congenital syphilis who are treated with penicillin

68
Q

Primary lesion in leptospirosis

A

Damage to the endothelial lining of small blood vessels

69
Q

Triad of Weil’s syndrome

A

Jaundice
Uremia
Bleeding

70
Q

Most useful screening test of leptospirosis

A

Microscopic slide-agglutination test

71
Q

Treatment for leptospirosis

A

Penicillin

Tetracycline

Pediatrics (Ref: Topnotch notes) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions