Viral Infections

Question 1

3 aetiological features of mumps

Answer 1

ss-RNA Paramyxovirus
Resp. droplet spread
Inc. 14-18 days

Question 2

3 features of presentation of mumps

Answer 2

Parotitis (usually bilateral)
Prodrome of fever, myalgia, headache
May be asymptomatic

Question 3

Ix for mumps

Answer 3

Salivary mumps IgM

Question 4

Tx for mumps

Answer 4

Hydration
Paracetamol/ ibuprofen
Stay at home 5 days

Question 5

3 complications of mumps

Answer 5

Orchitis
Meningitis
Deafness

Question 6

3 aetiological features of measles

Answer 6

ss-RNA Morbillivirus
Resp. droplet spread
Inc. 10 days

Question 7

3 features of presentation of measles

Answer 7

Morbilliform rash
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
Kopliks spots

Question 8

4 features of rash in measles

Answer 8

Maculopapular
Erythematous
Starts on head, spreads down trunk + extremities
May become confluent

Question 9

3 features of Kopliks spots

Answer 9

Pathogonomic of measles
On buccal mucosa
Small red spots each with a bluish white speck

Question 10

Ix for measles

Answer 10

Salivary swab for measles specific IgM + IgG serology

Question 11

Tx for measles

Answer 11

Hydration
Paracetamol/ ibuprofen
Isolate 4 days after initial development of rash

Question 12

2 complications of measles

Answer 12

Otitis media

Pneumonia

Question 13

What is an exanthem?

Answer 13

Widespread rash with systemic Sx: fever, malaise, headache
Spots or blotches
+/- Pruritus

Question 14

5 examples of viral exanthems

Answer 14

Chickenpox
Measles 
Rubella 
Roseola (herpes virus 6B)
Erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19).

Question 15

Ix for viral exanthems

Answer 15

Viral swab for viral culture, immunofluorescence + PCR

Bloods for serology, PCR, RNA/DNA, ANA + tissue antibodies

Question 16

Tx for viral exanthema

Answer 16

Dependent on cause
Paracetamol to reduce fever
Antihistamines to reduce itch

Question 17

What is viral gastroenteritis?

Answer 17

acute inflammation of stomach lining + intestines caused by enteropathogenic viruses

Question 18

3 causes of viral gastroenteritis

Answer 18

Norovirus (most common)
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

Question 19

5 Sx of viral gastroenteritis

Answer 19

Diarrhoea + increased frequency lasting <14 days
N+V 
Anorexia
Abdominal cramps
Fever.

Question 20

6 risk factors for viral gastroenteritis

Answer 20

Contaminated food/ water
Close contact with infected
Poor hygiene
Young/ Elderly 
Co-morbidities
Immunocompromised

Question 21

Ix for viral gastroenteritis

Answer 21

Clinical dx

If signs of volume depletion- FBC, U+Es, Creatinine

Question 22

Tx for viral gastroenteritis with mild-moderate hypovolaemia

Answer 22

Oral rehydration solutions
Antiemetics- Ondansetron/ Cyclizine
Anti-motility agents- Loperamide

Question 23

Tx for viral gastroenteritis with severe dehydration

Answer 23

IV fluids
Antiemetics- Ondansetron/ Cyclizine
Anti-motility agents- Loperamide

Question 24

2 aetiological features of influenza

Answer 24

Seasonal A/B influenza

Resp. droplet spread

Question 25

6 presenting features of influenza

Answer 25

Fever
Non-productive cough
Myalgia
Rhinorrhoea
Headache
Sore throat

Question 26

Ix for influenza

Answer 26

Clinical dx

Question 27

Tx for influenza

Answer 27

Paracetamol/ Ibuprofen

Question 28

Prophylaxis for at risk populations for influenza

Answer 28

Oseltamivir/ Zanamavir