Viral infections 1

Question 1

Different types of resp tract infections according to anatomical location

Answer 1

Infection of the pharynx = pharyngitis

Infection of the larynx = laryngotracheitis

Infection of the nose mucosa = rhinopharyngitis

Infection of the bronchi = bronchitis

Infection of the lungs = pneumonia

Question 2

Causes of the common cold?

Answer 2

Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, Coronavirus

Question 3

Symptoms of influenza virus?

Answer 3

fever, chills, malaise, headache, myalgia, dry cough, nasal discharge

Question 4

What characteristic of influenza virus makes it capable of causing epidemics?

Answer 4

Antigenic variation in glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase

1) Antigenic drift = mutations causing variation in NA
2) Antigenic shift = swapping DNA with non-human influenza (genetic reassortment) changing HA or NA

Question 5

Emerging pathogens?

Answer 5

Bird flu H5N1 - birds
SARS coronavirus - masked palm civets, racoon dogs
MERS coronavirus - camels
Swine flu - pigs
Hendra virus - fruit bats, horses
Nipah virus - fruit bats, pigs

Question 6

Transplacental viral infections?

Answer 6

VZV - foetal varicella syndrome, limb hypoplasia
CMV - mental retardation
MMR - (congenital rubella syndrome, cataracts)
Parvovirus - hydrops fetalis
HIV

Question 7

Why are foetal outcomes of transplacental viral infections variable?

Answer 7

Dep on the time of infection i.e. stage of foetal development.

Question 8

Features of non-pregnant rubella

Answer 8

maculopapular rash
andenopathy
arthralgia
arthritis

Question 9

Features of non-pregnant VZV

Answer 9

Chicken pox = widespread rash

Shingles = painful eruption in dermatome corresponding to the site of latency