Antibiotics

Question 1

Antibiotic for meningitis?

Answer 1

Ceftriaxone (3G cephalosporin, crosses BBB)

Question 2

What is antibiotic stewardship?

Answer 2

Controlled, guided prescribing of antibiotics

Question 3

5 types of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 3

Methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
Class 1 beta lactamases (resistance to 3G cephs)
Extended spectrum beta lactamases (EBSL - resistance to 3G cephs)
Carbapenem resistant enterococci (CRE)

Question 4

How do we prevent antibiotic resistance?

Answer 4

1) antibiotic stewardship

2) control of 2’ spread of resistance (infection control)

Question 5

3 key objectives during patient treatment with antibiotics

Answer 5

1) get rid of the bacteria causing the symptoms
2) avoid developing resistance
2) reduce drug-induced toxicity

Question 6

3 types of pk-pd antibiotic classifications?

Answer 6

1) Time dependent (Penicillin) –> use slow infusion to maximise the time exposed
2) Concentration dependent (gentamicin) –> use bolus infusion to maximise the concentration
3) Mixed –> both time and conc are important

Question 7

Mic and Mbc. What do they mean and how do they determine the action of antibiotics?

Answer 7

Mic = minimum inhib conc (stops growth)
Mbc = minimum bacteriocidal concentration (kills bact)

If Mbc and mic are the same (mic kills bacteria) = bacteriocidal
If more drug is needed after reaching mic to advance to Mbc (mic doesn’t kill bacteria) = bacteriostatic

Question 8

Antibiotic for meningitis?

Answer 8

Ceftriaxone (3G cephalosporin, crosses BBB)

Question 9

What is antibiotic stewardship?

Answer 9

Controlled, guided prescribing of antibiotics

Question 10

5 types of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 10

Methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
Class 1 beta lactamases (resistance to 3G cephs)
Extended spectrum beta lactamases (EBSL - resistance to 3G cephs)
Carbapenem resistant enterococci (CRE)

Question 11

How do we prevent antibiotic resistance?

Answer 11

1) antibiotic stewardship

2) control of 2’ spread of resistance (infection control)

Question 12

3 key objectives during patient treatment with antibiotics

Answer 12

1) get rid of the bacteria causing the symptoms
2) avoid developing resistance
2) reduce drug-induced toxicity

Question 13

3 types of pk-pd antibiotic classifications?

Answer 13

1) Time dependent (Penicillin) –> use slow infusion to maximise the time exposed
2) Concentration dependent (gentamicin) –> use bolus infusion to maximise the concentration
3) Mixed –> both time and conc are important

Question 14

Mic and Mbc. What do they mean and how do they determine the action of antibiotics?

Answer 14

Mic = minimum inhib conc (stops growth)
Mbc = minimum bacteriocidal concentration (kills bact)

If Mbc and mic are the same (mic kills bacteria) = bacteriocidal
If more drug is needed after reaching mic to advance to Mbc (mic doesn’t kill bacteria) = bacteriostatic