Viral Infection of Upper Resp Tract

Question 1

how do virons reach respiratory tract?

Answer 1

by fomites or aerosol transmission

Question 2

what is the first site that virus interact with the host?

Answer 2

epithelial cells

Question 3

what cause typical symptoms of viral dz?

Answer 3

fever, aches

Question 4

temp diff between upper and lower resp tract has consequences for pathogenesis such as

Answer 4

1. Rhinoviruses replicate preferentially in URT

2. Differential basis for attenuated viral vaccines

Question 5

what are the 4 virus that prefer the lower reps tract?

Answer 5

1. parainfluenza
2. resp syncytial
3. influenza
4. adenovirus

Question 6

what are the characteristics of coronaviruses?

Answer 6

1. named for their crown spikes
2. negative ssRNA virus
3. caused SARS and MERS

Question 7

what genus belongs to influenzavirus?

Answer 7

orthomyxoviridae

Question 8

where does the replication take place in orthomyxoviridae?

Answer 8

nuclear

Question 9

what is the characteristics of genome of orthomyxoviridae?

Answer 9

segmented negative ssRNA

Question 10

what is the characteristics of genome of paramyxoviridae?

Answer 10

non-segmented negative ssRNA

Question 11

what are the 3 genera of paramyxoviridae?

Answer 11

1. paramyxovirus
2. mumps
3. parainfluenzavirus
4. newcastle dz virus

Question 12

what two virus can cause croup?

Answer 12

parainfluenza virus & RSV

Question 13

what is paramyxoviruses differ from orthomyxoviruses?

Answer 13

1. non-segmented negative sense ssRNA genome

2. little genetics variation

Question 14

what is another name for croup?

Answer 14

laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 15

what season is the peak season for croup?

Answer 15

winter

Question 16

summer time you have a flue what is the most likely causing agent?

Answer 16

adenovirus b/c adenovirus is not seasonal

Question 17

what are the most common cause of virus for common cold?

Answer 17

1. rhinovirus
2. coronavirus
3. influenza virus

Question 18

what cause fever, ashes?

Answer 18

infected epithelial cells release cytokines that cause typical symptoms of viral dz

Question 19

which virus replicate preferentially in URT?

Answer 19

rhinoviruses

Question 20

what are the pattern of infection of

1. picornavirus
2. coronavirus
3. paramyxovirus (parainfluenza and resp syncytial virus)
4. orthomyxovirus (influenza)

Answer 20

acute infection with replication confined to resp mucosal surface

Question 21

3 characteristics of coronaviruses?

Answer 21

1. negative ss RNA virus
2. most cause cold-like symptoms
3. caused SARS and MERS

Question 22

what are the two main animal vectors for coronavirus that caused MERS?

Answer 22

1. bat

2. camel

Question 23

what is the genomic structure of orthomyxoviridae (influenza A, B, C)?

Answer 23

segmented negative ssRNA

Question 24

what is the genomic structure of paramyxoviridae (mumps, parainfluenza, newcastle dz virus)?

Answer 24

non-segmented negative ssRNA

Question 25

what are the main causing agents that hurt you so much when you get a flu?

Answer 25

1. cytokines made from epithelial cells 2. interferon induction 3, T cells response

Question 26

what are major symptoms of flu?

Answer 26

1. high fever 2. headache 3. extreme tiredness 4. cough 5. sore throat 6. runny or stuffy nose 7. body aches 8. diarrhea and vomitting

Question 27

what strain of influenza A we failed to develop vaccine?

Answer 27

H3N2

Question 28

how is paramyxoviruses differ from orthomyxoviruses?

Answer 28

1. non-segmented negative sense ss RNA genome | 2. little genetic variation

Question 29

what two strains of virus cause barking cough (croup)?

Answer 29

parainfluenza virus & RSV

Question 30

what are the characteristics of adenovirus?

Answer 30

1. Adenovirus infections are very common, most are asymptomatic 2. Most infections involve the resp or GI tracts or the eyes

Question 31

what resp disease can adenovirus lead to?

Answer 31

1. febrile upper tract infection 2. pharyngoconjunctival fever 3. acute disease 4. pertussis like dz 5. pneumonia

Question 32

how is adenovirus spread?

Answer 32

transmitted by aerosal, close contact, fecal-oral route or fingers and ophthalmologic intruments (eye infections)

Question 33

adenovirus infects

Answer 33

mucoepithelial cells of respiratory and GI tract, conjunctiva, cornea

Question 34

in what tissue is adenovirus persist in?

Answer 34

lymphoid tissue (tonsils, adenoids, Peyer's patches)

Question 35

what is essential for recovery from infection?

Answer 35

antibody

Question 36

what are the 2 unique distribution characteristics of virus of adenovirus?

Answer 36

1. ubiquitous | 2. no seasonal incidence

Question 37

what are the 3 transmission routes of adenovirus?

Answer 37

1. resp droplets, fecal matter, fomites 2. close contact 3. poorly sanitized swimming pool

Question 38

who are at risk for adenovirus?

Answer 38

1. children aged less than 14 yrs old | 2. day care centers, military camp, swimming clubs