Bacterial Pneumonia 1 Flashcards
what bacteria can cause pneumonia?
- TB and mimicking atypical mycobacteria
- Pneumococcus = Streptococcus pneumoniae
- S. aureus
- H. influenzae
- Pseudomonads
- Chlamydia
- Klebsiella
- Anaerobes, particularly actinomyces
- Legionella
what are the 4 strains of Pseudomonads?
- P. aeruginosa
- B. cepacia
- B. pseudomallei
- B. mallei
what are some important characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- oxidase positive (the only oxidase positive among enteric bacteria)
- gram negative
- strict aerobes
- nonfermenters
what are the two toxins that P. aeruginosa make?
- pyocyanin (exotoxin) –> that gives the green color
2. pyoverdin (siderophore)
what is the anti-phagocytic substance made by P. aeruginosa?
glycocalyx (slime layer)
what are the 4 unique characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- gram negative rods
- strict aerobes
- nonfermenters
- oxidase postivie
what are the 2 substance does P. aeruginosa produce?
- pyocyanin (exotoxin)
2. pyoverdin (siderophore)
can P. aeruginosa be normal flora?
yes
why is P. aeruginosa so hard to kill?
- requires minimal growth requirements
- resistant to detergents & disinfectants
- extremely antibiotics resistant
P. aeruginosa have extreme antibiotic resistance from
combination of low-permeability outer membrane and efflux pumps
what are the few community-acquired presentations of P. aeruginosa?
- IV drug addicts
- otitis externa in underchlorinated hot tubs
- osteochondritis in sneaker punctures
- corneal infections under contact lenses
what are the characteristics of chamydia?
small, obligate intracellular bacterium (so must use drugs that penetrate the human cell membrane)
what is the unique manner of chlamydia replication?
replicate in a unique manner beginning with tiny, infectious, rugged, elementary bodies which “unpack” into reticulate bodies after infection
a cycstic fibrosis center what is the common agent?
B. cepacia
what is the body that forms intracellular inclusions?
reticulate bodies that are visible on microscopy
