Viral Hem. fevers Flashcards
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever 1) (virology) of Flaviridae family
1) + sense, ssRNA enveloped
All Hemorrhagic fevers pathogenesis: 1) gets infected by virus, which then acts on lymphocytes, and causes apoptosis, etc.
Macrophages
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever pathogenesis: Macrophages release cytokines such as 1) which leads to DIC and hemorrhage
1) TNF-alpha, Tissure factor, and IL-6
Sequential infections increase risk of hemorrhage
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
All viral hemorrhagic fevers have some symptoms in common:
Hypotension, shock; multi-system organ failure
The virus infecting dendritic cells, macrophages, hepatoctyes and adrenal cortical cells.
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
Progresses to severe bruising, severe nosebleeds, and uncontrolled bleeding at injection sites
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Treatment – Avoid aspirin
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever pathogenesis: Virus infects macrophages and monocytes which leads to decreased 1), which are anti-virals; also INC. TNF, and tissue factor leading to 2);
1) IFN-alpha and IFN-beta 2) hemorrhage
Nairovius causes 1); this virus has 2) viral segments; the largest one is the 3) segment which has nuclear proteins and ribonuclear capsid and polymerase
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever; 2) three 3) L segment
reservoir and vector Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Hyalomma tick
West Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria
Lassa fever
Enveloped – sense RNA virus of Arenaviridae family
Lassa fever
Eastern Europe, NW China, central Asia, southern Europe, Africa, Middle East, Indian subcontinent
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Human-to-human from contact with infected blood or body fluids
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
• + sense, ssRNA enveloped virus of Flaviridae family • 4 viral serotypes–>Not cross-protective
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
vomiting with petechiae on the palate
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Ebolavirus part of 1) family; Virology 2)
Filoviridae family 2) - sense ssRNA genome • Enveloped
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Reservoir
African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus;
1) = Filoviridae family • - sense ssRNA genome • Enveloped • 2 species
Marburgvirus
Ingestion or inhalation of infected rat urine or feces
Lassa fever
Lasts about 2 weeks
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever–> virus has 4 viral serotypes that are NOT cross reactive; what does this mean?
so if get infected by type 1, can still get infected by types 2, 3 and 4
deafness
Lassa fever
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever pathogenesis: Infection occurs in a 1), which produces many cytokines; this leads to activation of 2), which produce IFN-gamma; 1) can also produce IL-12, IL-8, and IL-1beta leading to 3). Other manifestations are Hypotension and shock;
1) monocyte or dendritic cell; 2) Natural killer cells; 3) DIC
Fever (greater than 38.6°C=101.5 F); Unexplained hemorrhage; General symptoms such as muscle pain, weakness, diarrhea
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Virus infecting monocytes, macrophages and interacting with neutrophils and natural killer cells; leads to Natural killer cell depletion;
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Maculopapular rash on the trunk
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Reservoir
Vector = Mastomys natalensis rat
Lassa fever
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever pathogenesis: 1) producing IL-12, IL1-beta and IL8 that result in interference w/ coagulation factors and resulting in platelet activation –> thus DIC and other hemorrhagic manifestations
1) monocytes
Severe multisystem syndrome often accompanied by hemorrhage; no cure
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers caused by:
enveloped, ssRNA viruses
three viral segments: (a) L segment, which is the longest and largest segment, which is attached and tethered to the polymerase as well as has nuclear proteins and the ribonuclear capsid (b) M segment (c) S segment
Nairovirus
80% of infections are mild and undiagnosed 20% = hemorrhaging (in gums, eyes, or nose)
Lassa fever
Sudden onset of headache, high fever, back pain, joint pain, stomach pain and vomiting with petechiae on the palate • Red eyes, flushed face, and red throat
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Greatest risk = healthcare workers, family, close friends
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Symptoms appear at an average of 8-10 days, but can be as long as 21 days
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: 1) – member of Bunyaviridae family • 2) genome
1) Nairovirus 2) (-) sense ssRNA
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever pathogenesis: virus affects 1) which leads to hypotension, shock, and multiorgan failure
ADRENAL cortical cells
Red eyes, flushed face, and red throat
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Fever, chills, headache, and myalgia early
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Reservoir
Progresses to jaundice, severe weight loss, delirium, shock, massive hemorrhaging, and multi-organ dysfunction
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Reservoir
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever transmitted by:
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
Facial swelling
Lassa fever
First patient in outbreak associated with contact with blood of infected animal (bats) or bushmeat
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission through infected 1) or 2)
1) Hyalomma ticks 2) animal blood
Skin symptoms: Rash, bruising, petechiae, and purpura
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
