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Micro/immuno HPR Flashcards

1
Q

CMV infects 1) first

A

vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes

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2
Q

HYPOCALCEMIA

A

DIGEORGE

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3
Q

ATM gene on Chromosome 11 mutation

A

Ataxia Telangiectasia:

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4
Q

Recipient T-cell with Recipient T-cell receptor DONOR DC with DONOR MHC Both interact with DONOR antigen

A

Direct allorecognition

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5
Q

Aedes aegypti

A

Dengue

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6
Q

Diagnosis: impaired integrin activation

A

LADIII (rare)

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7
Q

donor CD8+ t-cells recognize the MHC I, resulting in the use of granzyme and perforin to cause apoptosis -> result in cell death and recipient tissue cell damage.

A

GVHD

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8
Q

CMV in Bone marrow transplants

A

interstitial pneumonia

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9
Q

LOSS of natural killer cells

A

Ebola

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10
Q

Dengue: monocyte or dendritic cell produce 1) leading to DIC

A

IL-12, IL-8, and IL-1beta

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11
Q

In CGD, Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test will be 1) indicating that 2)

A

1) NEGATIVE 2) ROS are not being made by neutrophils

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12
Q

absence or defect in beta 2-integrin (CD18) family

A

LADI

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13
Q

Endemic in Southern China

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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14
Q

EBV diagnosis:

A

atypical lymphocytes and heterophile Abs

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15
Q

CGD pts at inc. risk for:

A

Catalase + organisms (s. aureus, Serratia mercescens) Burkholderia cepcacia Aspergillus fumigatus

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16
Q

enzymes and proteins that are required immediately for viral replication.

A

Tegument in EBV

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17
Q

absence of CD18 and the associated alpha subunits

A

LADI

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18
Q

CMV Neonatal infections at or shortly after birth

A

NO adverse outcomes

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19
Q

used for heterophile Ab negative abs

A

Serologic test (CMV)

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20
Q

Recipient T-cell with T-cell receptor Recipient DC with Recipient MHC these interact with DONOR antigen

A

Indirect allorecognition

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21
Q

Autosomal recessive

A

LAD Ataxia Telangiectasia

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22
Q

periodontitis–> gum infection

A

LAD1

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23
Q

CVID treatment

A

IV Immunoglobulin

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24
Q

B-cell infected

A

EBV

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25
Q

Fetal damage most likely in 1st trimester

A

CMV

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26
Q

Sinopulmonary infection

A

DIGEORGE Ataxia Telangiectasia

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27
Q

inhibit anti-viral interferons as well as the increased production of TNFalpha, IL-6 and tissue factor,

A

Ebola

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28
Q

Occurs >50% of long-term survivors of HLA-identical sibling transplants

A

Chronic GVHD

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29
Q

defective activation of all beta–integrins; not just the CD18 family

A

LADIII (rare)

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30
Q

direct vs. indirect allorecognition

A

Indirect–> Recipient DC and Recipient MHC Direct–> Donor DC and Donor MHC

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31
Q

HYPOgammablobulinemia

A

CVID

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32
Q

Transmission: Ingestion or inhalation of infected rat urine or feces

A

Lassa Fever

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33
Q

all viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers

A

enveloped; ssRNA

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34
Q

EBV enters B cells by binding to

A

CR2

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35
Q

eterophile antibody negative mononucelosis syndrome)

A

CMV

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36
Q

Defective in both cell-mediate and humoral immunity; B-cell and T-cell deficiency

A

SCID

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37
Q

Infection occurs in a monocyte or dendritic cell.

A

all Hemorrhagic fevers

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38
Q

human platelet antigen 3

A

minor histocompatibility antigen; causes GVHD if HLA matches

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39
Q

Adults 30-60 years of age;

A

CMV

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40
Q

Arenaviridae family

A

Lassa Fever

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41
Q

latency in CMV where? significance?

A

in monocytes; means it may be transmitted in transplant

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42
Q

Reduced IgA

A

Ataxia Telangiectasia:

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43
Q

Autologous best source of HSC

A

Blood

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44
Q

Occurs >50% of long‐term survivors of HLA‐identical sibling transplants (allogeneic transplantations).

A

Chronic GVHD

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45
Q

Previous splenectomy inc. risk of

A

Chronic GVHD

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46
Q

Bombay blood group

A

LADII (rare)

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47
Q

T-cell deficient

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

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48
Q

tropic for B-cells and epithelial cells

A

EBV

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49
Q

Latent infection –>transfusion and organ donation transmission

A

CMV

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50
Q

EBV lytic infection

A

(virus is shed to infect other B-cells;

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51
Q

CMV in immunocompetent

A

asymptomatic

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52
Q

degranulation of neutrophils, that leads to inflammation

A

Ebola

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53
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) diagnosis:

A

Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) test Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test

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54
Q

fever (greater than 38.6°C), severe headache; unexplained hemorrhage

A

Ebola

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55
Q

deafness

A

Lassa Fever

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56
Q

nfection of adrenal cortical cells results in hypotension and metabolic disorders

A

Marburg

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57
Q

Delayed separation of umbilical cord; leads to bleeding

A

LAD III

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58
Q

hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, anemia, thrombocytopenia, low birth weight, microcephaly, chorioretinitis.

A

CMV in infants

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59
Q

Impaired phagocytic killing mechanisms of neutrophils and macrophages

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

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60
Q

CD34+Thy-1+

A

HSC) specific markers

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61
Q

severely mentally retarded; short in stature and some facial anomalies

A

LAD2

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62
Q

EBV persistent infection due to:

A

resting B-cells that harbor the virus

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63
Q

Treatment: fucose supplementation

A

LADII (rare)

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64
Q

African Burkitt Lymphoma: Screening for increased1) and early EBV Ags

A

1) IgA to VCA

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65
Q

treatment using IgG from serum of previously recovered

A

Ebola

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66
Q

lichen planus or scleroderma, dry oral mucosa with ulcerations

A

Chronic GVHD s/s

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67
Q

bleeding gums, nose and eyes

A

Dengue

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68
Q

tropics and subtropics

A

Dengue

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69
Q

x-linked inheritance

A

CGD Wiskott-Aldrich

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70
Q

high IgA and IgE low to normal IgG and IgM

A

Wiskott-Aldrich

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71
Q

β-herpesvirus subfamily

A

CMV

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72
Q

CMV diagnosis in immunoCOMPETENT: immunocompromised?

A

Immunocompetent: Seroconversion and IgM presence; Immunocompromised: Viral antigen/DNA in blood; inclusions or viral Ag in diseased tissue

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73
Q

no pus formation –>impaired wound healing.

74
Q

MHC I vs MHC II

A

MHC on all nucleated cells MCH II on immune cells

75
Q

VERY LOW IgG; low IgA

76
Q

affects the sticking process of neutrophils 1) affects the rolling process (selectins) 2) affects the activation process 3)

A

1) LAD1 2) LAD2 3) LAD3

77
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome pneumonic: WATER

A

water: Wiskott Aldrich Thrombocytopenic purpura Eczema; Recurrent infection

78
Q

BATS

79
Q

CMV: Viral antigen/DNA in blood; inclusions or viral Ag in diseased tissue

A

this is CMV in immunoCOMPROMISED

80
Q

Lack of a NADPH oxidase

81
Q

polyclonal B cell activation and proliferation.

82
Q

Low CD3+ T cells

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

83
Q

IL-2 receptor abnormality; gamma receptor implicated

84
Q

22q11.2

A

DiGeorge Syndrome diagnosis:

85
Q

monocytes producing IL-12, IL1-beta and IL8 thus DIC

86
Q

Adenosine deaminase deficiency

87
Q

Less intensive RECIPIENT chemotherapy before transplantation of allogeneic stem cells

A

Non-myeloablative HSC transplant

88
Q

class I myosin family member

A

minor histocompatibility antigens; recipient and donor are matched for MHC antigens, these can cause GVHD

89
Q

Nairovirus

A

Crimean-Congo

90
Q

G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-3, thrombopoietin and CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100)

A

Blood: Source for Autologous transplants; HSC is mobilized

91
Q

Reservoir = African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus

92
Q

Diagnosis: bleeding complications from birth

A

LADIII (rare)

93
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

causes acute interstitial pneumonitis; seen in SCID pts

94
Q

In GVHD, principal antigenic targets of graft T cells are 1) if they differ • If graft is matched at MHC, 2) underlie GVHD

A

1) host MHC molecules 2) minor histocompatibility antigens

95
Q

Affects teenagers and young adults

96
Q

petechiae on the palate

A

Crimean-Congo

97
Q

absence of fucosylated carbohydrate ligands for selectins

A

LADII (rare)

98
Q

Mobilized 1) are superior for autologous transplants

A

1) PBPCs (peripheral blood progenitor cells)

99
Q

Hyalomma tick  reservoir and vector.

A

Crimean-Congo

100
Q

(+) sense, ssRNA

A

Flaviridae family causing Denge

101
Q

virus infecting monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells.

102
Q

capacity to limit proliferation of EBV-infected B-cells; immunoCOMPROMISED pts dont have it

A

Memory T-Cells

103
Q

CMV in immunocompromised

A

primary infection and reactivation symptomatic

104
Q

lack of viral response bc no antivirals

A

Ebola and Marburg

105
Q

Filoviridae family

A

Ebola and Marburg

106
Q

human platelet antigen 3

A

minor histocompatibility antigens; recipient and donor are matched for MHC antigens, these can cause GVHD

107
Q

Clinical Features of Mono. syndromes:

A

Fever and reactive lymphocytes

108
Q

Cerebellar Ataxia

A

Ataxia Telangiectasia:

109
Q

higher risk of relapse for leukemias and lymphomas

A

Identical Twin:

110
Q

allogeneic best soruce of HSC

A

Best Source: Bone marrow

111
Q

SMALL THYMUS

112
Q

GVHD pathogenesis: Stress causes 1) to mature; Recipient mature DC present antigen to 2) 2) becomes T helper cell which activates 3) Result–> Recipient tissue damage aka GVHD

A

1) RECIPIENT DC 2) DONOR CD4+; 3) DONOR CD8+ T-cells;

113
Q

(-)sense ssRNA genome.

A

all but Dengue

114
Q

Heterophile antibodies –>1) against antigens on sheep and horse RBCs

A

1) IgM antibodies

115
Q

what is one clinical use of allorecognition?

A

Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect–> the cells that may not have been killed off w/ chemotherapy and radiation are killed off by graft cells

116
Q

CMV seropositivity inc. risk of:

A

Chronic GVHD

117
Q

fever progresses to severe bruising, severe nosebleeds, and uncontrolled bleeding at INJECTION SITES

A

Crimean-Congo

118
Q

polymorphism of PECAM

A

minor histocompatibility antigens; recipient and donor are matched for MHC antigens, these can cause GVHD

119
Q

Vector = Mastomys natalensis rat

A

Lassa Fever

120
Q

Progresses to jaundice, severe weight loss, delirium

121
Q

West Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria

A

Lassa Fever

122
Q

blood of infected animal (bats) or bushmeat.

123
Q

CMV in AIDS patients EBV?

A

CMV–>chorioretinitis, gastroenteritis, and neurologic disorders EBV–>Hairy leukoplakia; Interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia;Lymphoma

124
Q

infects macrophages

A

CMV (monocytes cause the latency seen in CMV)

125
Q

activation of natural killer cells which produce IFN-gamma

126
Q

Nuclear inclusions (owl eye

127
Q

facial swelling,

A

Lassa Fever

128
Q

Tonsils: reddening, swelling and white patches

A

Mononucleosis Syndrome

129
Q

Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.

130
Q

perinuclear cytoplasmic inclusions

131
Q

Mono: etiologic agent

A

Epstein-Barr virus

132
Q

Maculopapular rash on the trunk

133
Q

Low immunoglobulin due to impaired B-cell differentiation;

A

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorder (CVID)

134
Q

Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect pathogenesis: 2) interacts with a dendritic cells and releases 1) –> leads to apoptosis of the tumor cell.

A

2) T-cell 1) granzyme and perforin (CD8+)

135
Q

EBV: Initially infects 1) then 2);

A

1) epithelial cells 2) B cells

136
Q

EBV: Tegument (protein-filled region) surrounds the 1)

A

1) nucleocapsid

137
Q

virus infects dendritic cells, macrophages, hepatocytes and adrenal cortical cells

138
Q

most important in initiation of GVHD

A

HLA-A, B, and DR; these have to be a match

139
Q

member of Bunyaviridae family

A

Crimean-Congo

140
Q

Acute GVHD vs. chronic time period

A

acute–>First 100 days post-transplant chronic–>After 100 days post-transplant

141
Q

red eyes, flushed face, and red throat.

A

Crimean-Congo

142
Q

autoimmune disorders and lymphoma

143
Q

Plasmodium:

Reproduce 1) in RBCs of vertebrate host;
Reproduce 2) in gut of mosquito

A

1) Asexually
2) sexually

144
Q

Malaria transmitted by:

A

Anopheles mosquitoes

145
Q

Brownish-black pigment = hemozoin

A

helps ID RBCs in malaria;

146
Q

Morphology of infected RBC:

fimbriated

147
Q

P. malariae

Trophozoites seen as: 1)
Mereozoites seen as: 2)

A

1) band forms
2) rosettes around central pigment

148
Q

Rings = very small and may contain 2 chromatin dots

A

P. falciparum

149
Q

Gametocytes = large, banana-shaped;

Parasites lying along margin of cell

A

P. falciparum

150
Q

Trophozoites = band forms

A

P. malariae

151
Q

P. vivax and P. ovale invades what subpopulation of RBCs?

A

immature cells/reticulocytes

152
Q

P. malariae invades what subpopulation of RBCs?

A

senescent cells

153
Q

Schuffner’s dots/granulocytes in RBCs

A

P. vivax

P. ovale

154
Q

Trophozoites are band forms;

merozoites are rosettes

A

P. malariae

155
Q

irregular in shape and is fimbriated

156
Q

How does malaria induce damage?

A

Changes the RBC membrane;

157
Q

P. falciparum binds to what type of antigen?

A

glycoprotein A; found on all RBCs, which is why P. falciparum does not discriminate subpopulation of RBCs

158
Q

Malaria Affected by RBC abnormalities

A

Hemoglobin S associated with sickle cell;
Thalassemias;
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies

159
Q

how does P. falciparum cause microinfarcts?

A

produces a high molecular weight adhesive protein that binds receptors on endothelium leading to obstruction and microinfarcts

160
Q

Pathogenesis of Fever in malaria;

macrophages release:

A

IL-1 and/or TNF-α

161
Q

Fever early in malaria vs later

A

early–> irregular fever;

Later–> fever at 48 hr intervals

162
Q

Cytokines in malaria:
High concentrations of TNF-α precipitate 1) by increasing sequesteration of parasitized RBCs in the 2)

A

1) cerebral malaria
2) cerebral vascular endothelium

163
Q

Initial immune response to malaria:

A

premunition–>Initial immune response limits parasite multiplication, but does not eliminate infection

164
Q

malarial paroxysm;

A

Cold stage for 20-60 minutes;
Hot stage for 3-8 hours due to vasodilation;
Wet stage = decrease in fever and profuse sweating

165
Q

Life-cycle stages and the immune response:

Sporozoite stage

A

antibodies

166
Q

Life-cycle stages and the immune response:

Liver stage

A

Cytotoxic T-cells and inflammatory cytokines (TNF, INF-alpha, and IL-1)

167
Q

Life-cycle stages and the immune response

Asexual erythrocyte stage

A

antiboides

ROS

TNF alpha

168
Q

Splanchnic capillaries involved –>vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea w/ or w/o bloody stools.

A

complication of malaria

169
Q

detects protein excreted by P. falciparum

A

ParaSight F

170
Q

Distinguishes between P. falciparum and P. vivax

A

OptiMAL Card antigen detection tests

171
Q

detects parasite lactate dehydrogenase

A

OptiMAL Card antigen detection tests

172
Q

Babesia microti Transmission

A

bite of Ixodes tick

173
Q

which pts do Babesia affect more severely

A

asplenic patients

174
Q

Babesia microti Often co-infection with 1)

A

1) Borrelia burgdorferi

175
Q

Diagnosis of Babesia:

A

Maltese cross formation – tetrad of protozoa

176
Q

Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped parasites on Giemsa-stained blood smears

A

Giemsa-stained blood smears of Babesia appearance

177
Q

ID types of hookworms that cause anemia

A

Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale

178
Q

Epigastric pain and abnormal peristalsis;

Pruritus at site of skin penetration

A

Manifestations of hookworm:

179
Q

Leishmania donovani
i. Parasitology

A

Obligate intracellular, flagellated parasite

180
Q

Leishmania donovani Transmitted:

A

by phlebotomine sandflies

181
Q

Transmitted by Lutzomyia verrucarum (phlebotomine sandfly)

A

Bartonella bacilliformi

Leishmania donovani

182
Q

Red, hemangioma-like, cutaneous vascular lesions

A

Verruga peruana (chronic phase of infection) by Bartonella bacilliformis:

HEME Micro & Immuno (11 decks)

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