Viral Gastroenteritis

Question 1

How do viruses replicate?

Answer 1

In an assembly line fashion, NOT in binary fission

Which means that they start out by just getting all their ingredients together and then they will suddenly assemble them all at once

Question 2

Are assays good for diagnosing viral gastroenteritis ?

Answer 2

No, they are generally insensitive

Question 3

Which rotavirus vaccine was taken off the market and why?

Answer 3

Rotashield. Due to increased risk of intestinal intussusception

Question 4

Is there a role for antibiotisc in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What are the stages of lytic viral replication?

Answer 5

1. Attachment
2. Penetration/entry
3. Uncoating
4. Synthesis of virion components
5. Maturation/release

Question 6

Who gets noroviruses and how

Answer 6

Older children and adults get it from food (especially oysters)

Question 7

Is there a seasonal peak of enteric adenovirus?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Which lasts longer: rotavirus or enteric adenovirus

Answer 8

Enteric adenovirus

Question 9

What is a persistent infection?

Answer 9

Infection without cell death

Question 10

Are rotavirus vaccines helping to get rid of rotavirus?

Answer 10

Yes the magnitude of the disease has been cut by 50% compared to the last 15 years

Question 11

What kind of a persistent infection is HPV?

Answer 11

Transforming

Question 12

What is the most common strain of rotavirus in the US?

Answer 12

G1

Question 13

In the US, the majority of gastroenteritis disease cases are probably ____________

Answer 13

Viral

Question 14

Is it easy to inactivate noroviruses?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What are the other 2 rotavirus vaccines we have ?

Answer 15

Rotateq- 3 doses

Rotarix - 2 doses

Question 16

What does the term “filterable agents” mean when it comes to viruses?

Answer 16

It means they’re too small to filter out using the same fine pore filters that can get bacteria out

Question 17

What are latent infections?

Answer 17

Intermittent acute episodes of virus production between which there is an almost complete absence of virus particles

Ex: Herpes simplex, varicella zoster

Question 18

What is a chronic infection?

Answer 18

Non lytic production of virus, continued presence of high numbers of virus particles during periods in which clinical disease is absent
Ex: Hep B

Question 19

What is the most frequent cause of infantile gastroenteritis?

Answer 19

Rotavirus

Question 20

What are “lytic interactions”?

Answer 20

Those that cause the death of the host cell

Question 21

What is the main feature of viral gastroenteritis?

Answer 21

Acute, profuse, and watery diarrhea 🤠

Question 22

What are the 3 subclasses of persistent infections?

Answer 22

1. Latent infections
2. Chronic infections
3. Transforming

Question 23

What is a good way to diagnose viral gastroenteritis?

Answer 23

Antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (Rotazyme) or latex agglutination screen test

Question 24

How long do noroviruses last?

Answer 24

24-48 hours

Question 25

What are the 2 chief settings of disease that allow you to predict the most probable etiologic agent?

Answer 25

1. Infant diarrhea (rotavirus or enteric adenoviruses) | 2. Outbreaks- noroviruses (Norwalk or SRSV)

Question 26

What is the central goal of virtually all viruses/.

Answer 26

To replicate as much as possible at the expense of the host cell

Question 27

Do we have vaccines for rotavirus?

Answer 27

Yes we have orally administered, live attenuated vaccines for serotypes G1-G4 and G9

Question 28

Can you tell what kind of viral gastroenteritis someone has just by their symptoms?

Answer 28

No.

Question 29

What time of year do rotaviruses come out to play

Answer 29

In the winter

Question 30

Are you still shedding the virus even after your illness goes away

Answer 30

Yes, you may shed it at low levels for days to weeks

Question 31

What are the two viruses that are referred to as “noroviruses”

Answer 31

Norwalk SRSV (small round shaped viruses)

Question 32

Do viruses live outside of cells?

Answer 32

No, they are obligate intracellular parasites They can’t do anything by themselves, they must use all of your ribosomes and energy

Question 33

Is it easy to to find the original source of norovirus infection/

Answer 33

No, because it is readily passed in a person-person manner

Question 34

What is the primary treatment for viral gastroenteritis?

Answer 34

Rehydrating with pedialyte

Question 35

What groups of people are at high risk for viral gastroenteritis?

Answer 35

Hospital wards Daycares Nursing homes Immunosupressed people Travelers 🛳 Military

Question 36

What are “non-lytic” infections?

Answer 36

A long term association with host cells that are not lethal to the host. Virus genes are mostly unexpressed. Stable and long term associated, but it may be terminated under some conditions

Question 37

What kind of a persistent infection is a cold sore

Answer 37

Latent infection

Question 38

What kind of a persistent infection is Hepatits b?

Answer 38

Chronic

Question 39

What is a transforming infection?

Answer 39

Infected cells are immortalized and properties are transformed to those of cancer cells Ex: HPV

Question 40

What are calciviruses?

Answer 40

Noroviruses

Question 41

What are the features of infant diarrhea?

Answer 41

- first 2 years of life | - disease transmission even in locations in which clean water and food are available

Question 42

true or false: | Viral gastroenteritis kills a lot of children in developing nations

Answer 42

True