Viral Gastroenteritis Flashcards
How do viruses replicate?
In an assembly line fashion, NOT in binary fission
Which means that they start out by just getting all their ingredients together and then they will suddenly assemble them all at once
Are assays good for diagnosing viral gastroenteritis ?
No, they are generally insensitive
Which rotavirus vaccine was taken off the market and why?
Rotashield. Due to increased risk of intestinal intussusception
Is there a role for antibiotisc in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis?
No
What are the stages of lytic viral replication?
- Attachment
- Penetration/entry
- Uncoating
- Synthesis of virion components
- Maturation/release
Who gets noroviruses and how
Older children and adults get it from food (especially oysters)
Is there a seasonal peak of enteric adenovirus?
No
Which lasts longer: rotavirus or enteric adenovirus
Enteric adenovirus
What is a persistent infection?
Infection without cell death
Are rotavirus vaccines helping to get rid of rotavirus?
Yes the magnitude of the disease has been cut by 50% compared to the last 15 years
What kind of a persistent infection is HPV?
Transforming
What is the most common strain of rotavirus in the US?
G1
In the US, the majority of gastroenteritis disease cases are probably ____________
Viral
Is it easy to inactivate noroviruses?
No
What are the other 2 rotavirus vaccines we have ?
Rotateq- 3 doses
Rotarix - 2 doses
What does the term “filterable agents” mean when it comes to viruses?
It means they’re too small to filter out using the same fine pore filters that can get bacteria out
What are latent infections?
Intermittent acute episodes of virus production between which there is an almost complete absence of virus particles
Ex: Herpes simplex, varicella zoster
What is a chronic infection?
Non lytic production of virus, continued presence of high numbers of virus particles during periods in which clinical disease is absent
Ex: Hep B
What is the most frequent cause of infantile gastroenteritis?
Rotavirus
What are “lytic interactions”?
Those that cause the death of the host cell
What is the main feature of viral gastroenteritis?
Acute, profuse, and watery diarrhea 🤠
What are the 3 subclasses of persistent infections?
- Latent infections
- Chronic infections
- Transforming
What is a good way to diagnose viral gastroenteritis?
Antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (Rotazyme) or latex agglutination screen test
How long do noroviruses last?
24-48 hours
What are the 2 chief settings of disease that allow you to predict the most probable etiologic agent?
- Infant diarrhea (rotavirus or enteric adenoviruses)
2. Outbreaks- noroviruses (Norwalk or SRSV)
What is the central goal of virtually all viruses/.
To replicate as much as possible at the expense of the host cell
Do we have vaccines for rotavirus?
Yes we have orally administered, live attenuated vaccines for serotypes G1-G4 and G9
Can you tell what kind of viral gastroenteritis someone has just by their symptoms?
No.
What time of year do rotaviruses come out to play
In the winter
Are you still shedding the virus even after your illness goes away
Yes, you may shed it at low levels for days to weeks
What are the two viruses that are referred to as “noroviruses”
Norwalk
SRSV (small round shaped viruses)
Do viruses live outside of cells?
No, they are obligate intracellular parasites
They can’t do anything by themselves, they must use all of your ribosomes and energy
Is it easy to to find the original source of norovirus infection/
No, because it is readily passed in a person-person manner
What is the primary treatment for viral gastroenteritis?
Rehydrating with pedialyte
What groups of people are at high risk for viral gastroenteritis?
Hospital wards
Daycares
Nursing homes
Immunosupressed people
Travelers 🛳
Military
What are “non-lytic” infections?
A long term association with host cells that are not lethal to the host.
Virus genes are mostly unexpressed.
Stable and long term associated, but it may be terminated under some conditions
What kind of a persistent infection is a cold sore
Latent infection
What kind of a persistent infection is Hepatits b?
Chronic
What is a transforming infection?
Infected cells are immortalized and properties are transformed to those of cancer cells
Ex: HPV
What are calciviruses?
Noroviruses
What are the features of infant diarrhea?
- first 2 years of life
- disease transmission even in locations in which clean water and food are available
true or false:
Viral gastroenteritis kills a lot of children in developing nations
True
