Helminthic GI Infections Flashcards
What is the scientific name for the fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
Does ascaris lumbricoides cause a lot of tissue damage?
No, but they produce a fuck ton of eggs each day and deplete nutrients, occlude ducts, cause blockages etc
What is the most common helminthic disease in the US
Enterobiasis
….pinworms
What is the head structure on tapeworms called
Scolex. (Helps them stick to target tissue)
What organism causes clonorchoriasis?
Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)
What organism causes ascariasis
Ascaris lumbricoides
How many multiplication cycles does strongyloides stercoralis have?
2!
One in host (parasitic)
One in soil (free living)
What organism causes diphyllobothriasis?
Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm)
What is the only definitive host of taenia solium/saginata?
Humans 😋
Can strongyloides multiply outside a host?
Yes
What do hookworms eat? 😋
Blood from intestinal mucosa
What is the life cycle of trichuris trichiura?
- You eat EBRYONATED eggs
- Larvae are released in duodenum
- They mature in your colon
- You poop them out into soil
How long can enterobius vermicularis eggs survive in indoor environments?
2-3 weeks
🛌 wash your sheets 〰️〰️〰️
What is the lifecycle of diphyllobothrium latum?
- You eat sushi that has larvae in it 🍣
- Larvae develop in your jejunum and put eggs in your poop
- Your poop goes to fresh water where the eggs hatch and larvae are eaten by crustaceans 🦐
- A fish eats that crustacean and the larvae are in the muscle of that fish for you to eat! 🍽
Can hookworm larvae penetrate skin?
Yes 💀 kill me
What is the scientific name for whipworm?
Trichuris trichiura
Can strongyloidiasis be a life-threatening infection?
It can be for people no cell-mediated immunity. Like AIDS patients.
What can happen if you have a heavy infection of trichuris trichiura?
Painful pooping
Rectal prolapse
Growth retardation/anemia
How do you diagnose diphyllobothriasis?
Eggs in stool
Or just finding a 30 foot worm
How many hosts do trematodes have?
Three:
2 intermediate hosts
1 definitive host
Is autoinfection common in strongyloidiasis?
Yes, very.
What kind of hookworm larvae penetrates your skin?
Filariform**
Where do adult clonorchis sinensis flukes live?
In your biliary ducts 💚
What is the lifecycle of necator americanus and ancyolostoma duodenale?
- Filariform(infective stage) larvae penetrate your skin and travel to your lungs
- They penetrate your alveoli and travel up your trachea to your throat where you swallow them
- Larvae mature in your duodenum (hence the name….)
- Adult worms produce eggs that mature and hatch in SOIL
What are nematodes?
Roundworms
What is the other name for flukes
Trematodes
What do the eggs of trichuris trichiura look like?
They are pinched at either end with “egg capsules”
What is the lifecycle of enterobius vermicularis?
- You eat the eggs
- They hatch in the colon
- They grow into adults for 2 months
- The pregnant female migrate to your asshole at night and lays eggs
- You itch your asshole and get the eggs under your nails and then go about your day re eating them or spreading them to other people💅🏻
How do you diagnose strongyloidiasis?
Look for strongyloides stercoralis LARVAE in stool sample/duodenal aspirate/sputum
What is the largest intestinal nematodes of humans?
Ascaris lumbricoides
What determines the extent of ascariasis disease?
The number of worms you have
The damage usually comes from blockages caused by the worms themselves
What is the life cycle of clonorchoriasis sinensis?
- You eat the larvae (metacercariae) when you eat sushi 🍣
- Larvae squirm their way to your bile ducts where they mature
- You poop out eggs
- Aquatic snails eat them 🐚
- Larvae (cercariae)are released from the snail
- Cercariae encyst under the scales or in the flesh of fish 🐟
What organisms cause taeniasis?
Tapeworms
(Taenia solium
Taenia saginata)
What are the 2 scientific names for hookworms?
Necator americanus
Ancylostoma duodenale
How does the diphyllobothrium latum tapeworm release its eggs?
One at a time
Not in proglottids like its pig and cow counterparts
What are proglottids?
The egg-filled segments of cow and pork tapeworms (taenia) that get released into the environment
What is the scientific name for a pinworm infection?
Enterobiasis
(Pinworm disease)
The worm is called enterobius vermicularis
What is the lifecycle of ascaris lumbricoides?
- You eat the eggs
- Larvae are released in duodenum
- Larvae penetrate mucosa, enter the bloodstream, and go to the lungs
- Larvae penetrate the alveoli, and you cough them up and swallow them
- They grow up in your duodenum and start making eggs
- You poop out the eggs into soil, where they become infective after a few weeks
- Adult worms can live in you for 2 years 😃
Which kind of tapeworm is in pigs?
Taenia solium
Like sodium, which bacon has a lot of 🥓
What kind of symptoms do people with clonorchoriasis have?
Mostly asymptomatic
How do you diagnose taeniasis infections?
- Presence of eggs or proglottids in stool sample
- CT might show lesions from cysticercosis
- histological demonstration
What worm causes trichuriasis?
Trichuris trichiura
What is “ground itch”?
Blood filled, itchy lesions at the site where the filariform larvae of hookworms (A.d. and N.a) penetrated your skin
What kind of worm causes strongyloidiasis?
Strongyloides stercoralis
How do you diagnose trichuris trichiura?
Eggs in stool sample
Characteristic shape: pinched on either end with egg capsules
Which kind of worm has two multiplication cycles and can multiply in a host or in the soil?
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworms)
What is the scientific name for threadworms?
Strongyloides stercoralis
What form of the diphyllobothrium latum tapeworm do YOU eat?
Larvae
What kind of signs and symptoms will you have with strongyloidiasis?
- problems related to larval migration (tracks on skin)
- intestinal- everything you name it
What is the lifecycle of strongyloides stercoralis? (Threadworms)
- Infective larvae penetrate your skin
- Travel through bloodstream to your lungs
- You cough them up and then swallow them
- Larvae mature in the duodenum
- Adult worms reproduce and female releases LARVAE*** into your poop (not eggs)
- The larvae can then multiply in the soil *(free living) or get into someone else’s skin and reproduce there
What determines the extent of disease when you have trichuriasis?
Worm burden
What is the scientific name for the Chinese liver fluke?
Clonorchis sinensis
What is the lifecycle of taenia solium and taenia saginata?
- Cow or pig eats eggs
- Cysticerci larvae develop in muscle
- You eat an undercooked steak
- The cysticercus develops into an adult tapeworm in your jejunum
- He releases proglottids (segments) into your poop 😃
When you treat your revolting toddler for his enterobius vermicularis infection, what else do you need to do?
Treat everyone else in the house
Make sure everybody is washing their hands 🛁
What vitamin will you compete with your fish tapeworm for?
B12
These worms are really big….12 meters….thats 39 feet lol
How do you diagnose enterobius vermicularis infections?
Put a piece of scotch tape on your asshole before you go to bed and then look for worms or eggs on it when you wake up
There’s literally no other test lol
What causes cycticercosis?
If you eat a taenia solium (pork tapeworm) EGG, it can then go live wherever it wants in your body!
Likes to live in your eyes and brain 🧠
Gives you blindness and seizures 🤡
How do you get clonorchoriasis?
Ingestion of LARVAE from fish!!!!!
Raw, smoked, pickled, salt-cured, and dried
What is the scientific name for pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
What are the 2 soil-transmitted nematodes (roundworms) we talked about?
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichuria
