Bacterial GI 1 Flashcards
Is cholera found naturally in coastal areas and estuaries?
Yes, including in the US gulf coast region
What is the reservoir of O157:H7?
Cattle
How do you treat cholera?
Fluid replacement and electrolytes
What organism usually causes traveler’s diarrhea?
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
How is cholera spread?
Contaminated drinking water and food
What are the 2 complications of campylobacter?
- Reiter’s syndrome in HLA-B27 peopel
2. Guillain-Barré paralytic syndrome **
What condition makes the risk of sepsis due to vibrio vulnificus very high?
Liver dysfunction/alcoholism 🍷🍻🍸
E. Coli has an O antigen and an H antigen. Which one is a seroGROUP and which one is a seroTYPE?
Serogroup: O antigen
Serotype: H antigen
Which organism causes a prodrome with fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia for 12-24 hours before the onset of diarrhea?
Campylobacter
Is h pylori infection common?
Yes
What kind of symptoms will vibrio parahaemolyticus cause?
Mild-cholera like illness
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?
Acute renal failure with poor prognosis a few days after bloody diarrhea
What metabolite does H. Pylori produce a ton of?
Urease
This turns into ammonia and raises the pH in the stomach to help it survive. It also is the way we test for it.
Should we treat O157:H7 infections with antibiotics?
NO! Risk of HUS induction
What is the classic way to get campylobacter?
Undercooked chicken
Which two cholera serotypes cause epidemics?
O-1
O-139
Is prophylactic tetracycline treatment needed for people traveling to cholera endemic regions?
Not typically needed in people practicing normal hygiene, since the infectious dose is high
Which organism mimics appenidicits?
Campylobacter
What food products are typically associated with O157:H7?
Beef and raw milk
Undercooked hamburger is a classic infection source 🍔
Also being discovered in some vegetables like the 2006 spinach contamination
What group of people usually gets campylobacter infections?
Young, college age adults
Which organisms are associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Primarily O157:H7
Shigella dysenteriae
How do you diagnose h pylori?
Histologic detection in biopsy samples + culture
CLO test- detection of urease activity in biopsy tissue by pH change
What is the chief known precipitate of guillain-barre paralytic syndrome?
Campylobacter
Does ETEC infection cause a lot of damage to intestinal mucosa?
No
Can campylobacter induce Reuter’s syndrome?
Yes, in people with HLA-B27
Which cholera vaccine contains the choleragen toxoid?
Dukoral
This means it may also help prevent travelers diarrhea due to enterotoxic E. coli
What is the ideal temperature for campylobacter jejuni?
42 degrees C
Which cholera vaccine is for travelers?
Vaxchora
V for vacation
What are the 4 cholera vaccineS?
Dukoral
Shanchol
Vaxchora
Euvichol
How do you treat O157:H7 ?
Vigilant oral rehydration
Extreme caution with antibiotics to avoid HUS
What bacteria causes cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
What time of year is the most dangerous to eat oysters becasue you’re at risk for vibrio vulnificus?
Warmer months
What is the reservoir of h.pylori?
Humans
What is the predominant form of enterohemorrhagic E. coli?
O157:H7, but there are several other strains that have been designated as shiga-toxin producing (STEC) that may also induce HUS
How can you tell O157:H7 E. coli apart from the E. coli that is your normal flora?
Grow it on MacConkey’s Sorbitol agar
O157 can NOT ferment sorbitol, so it’s colonies will appear white, and regular E. coli will be bright red/pink
What is a serious complication that can occur as a result of h pylori infection?
Stomach cancer
Why do you need to tell the lab that you suspect a case of O157:H7 when you are sending them a specimen?
Because using macconkeys sorbitol agar is not automatic.
What disease:
“Washerwoman hands”
Cholera- due to massive dehydration
Who is most likely to get vibrio parahaemolyticus?
People who eat fish that was improperly refrigerated
People in Japan
More common in warmer months
Can O157:H7 spread from person to person?
Yes, since it is such a low-dose pathogen
It’s not just raw hamburgers!
What new strain of E. coli is traced to alfalfa sprouts, and causes HUS with a high fatality rate?
O104:H4
How do you usually end up with vibrio vulnificus?
Oysters
What is the toxin expressed by enterohemorrhagic E. coli?
Shiga-like toxin (SLT)
Is it easy to treat h pylori?
No, because patient might just get reinfected by his family/contacts
👨👩👦👦
Will colonization by vibrio cholerae affect the integrity of your intestinal cells?
No, they can still absorb just fine
Does O157:H7 require a high or low dose to make you sick?
Very low dose
What are the 3 ways vibrio vulnificus can get you sick?
- Wound infection- open wound touching oyster/seawater
- Sepsis- raw oysters + liver dysfunction/alcoholism
- Acute self-limiting diarrhea - raw oysters
How long after consuming cholera-laden water will you have symptoms?
1-5 days
What kind of food is campylobacter jejuni associatedwith?
Poultry products
🍗🐣🐓🦃
Is the infectious dose of cholera high or low?
High
Is cholera easily spread from person to person?
No
What is the reservoir of campylobacter?
Intestinal tract of animals, usually birds
How are cholera vaccines administered?
Orally
Are there any cholera epidemics going on right now?
Haiti
Yemen
What kind of symptoms will you have if you get Enterohemorrhagic E. coli?
Diarrhea that becomes BLOODY after 1-3 days with cramps and vomiting
Possible development of HUS, especially in elderly or very young
What is the main feature of cholera?
Acute and massive watery diarrhea (1 liter/hour)
What is the primary means of prevention of cholera?
Proper control of sewage
what disease:
“Rice water stools”
Cholera
What organism is associated with causing bullous lesions and shock in alcoholics?
Vibrio vulnificus
Which organism is associated with causing Guillain barre?
Campylobacter
