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Micro Exam 1 (Lauren) > Bacterial GI 1 > Flashcards

Bacterial GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is cholera found naturally in coastal areas and estuaries?

A

Yes, including in the US gulf coast region

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2
Q

What is the reservoir of O157:H7?

A

Cattle

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3
Q

How do you treat cholera?

A

Fluid replacement and electrolytes

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4
Q

What organism usually causes traveler’s diarrhea?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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5
Q

How is cholera spread?

A

Contaminated drinking water and food

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6
Q

What are the 2 complications of campylobacter?

A
  1. Reiter’s syndrome in HLA-B27 peopel

2. Guillain-Barré paralytic syndrome **

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7
Q

What condition makes the risk of sepsis due to vibrio vulnificus very high?

A

Liver dysfunction/alcoholism 🍷🍻🍸

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8
Q

E. Coli has an O antigen and an H antigen. Which one is a seroGROUP and which one is a seroTYPE?

A

Serogroup: O antigen

Serotype: H antigen

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9
Q

Which organism causes a prodrome with fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia for 12-24 hours before the onset of diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter

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10
Q

Is h pylori infection common?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What kind of symptoms will vibrio parahaemolyticus cause?

A

Mild-cholera like illness

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12
Q

What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Acute renal failure with poor prognosis a few days after bloody diarrhea

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13
Q

What metabolite does H. Pylori produce a ton of?

A

Urease

This turns into ammonia and raises the pH in the stomach to help it survive. It also is the way we test for it.

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14
Q

Should we treat O157:H7 infections with antibiotics?

A

NO! Risk of HUS induction

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15
Q

What is the classic way to get campylobacter?

A

Undercooked chicken

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16
Q

Which two cholera serotypes cause epidemics?

A

O-1

O-139

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17
Q

Is prophylactic tetracycline treatment needed for people traveling to cholera endemic regions?

A

Not typically needed in people practicing normal hygiene, since the infectious dose is high

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18
Q

Which organism mimics appenidicits?

A

Campylobacter

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19
Q

What food products are typically associated with O157:H7?

A

Beef and raw milk

Undercooked hamburger is a classic infection source 🍔

Also being discovered in some vegetables like the 2006 spinach contamination

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20
Q

What group of people usually gets campylobacter infections?

A

Young, college age adults

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21
Q

Which organisms are associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Primarily O157:H7

Shigella dysenteriae

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22
Q

How do you diagnose h pylori?

A

Histologic detection in biopsy samples + culture

CLO test- detection of urease activity in biopsy tissue by pH change

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23
Q

What is the chief known precipitate of guillain-barre paralytic syndrome?

A

Campylobacter

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24
Q

Does ETEC infection cause a lot of damage to intestinal mucosa?

A

No

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25
Q

Can campylobacter induce Reuter’s syndrome?

A

Yes, in people with HLA-B27

26
Q

Which cholera vaccine contains the choleragen toxoid?

A

Dukoral

This means it may also help prevent travelers diarrhea due to enterotoxic E. coli

27
Q

What is the ideal temperature for campylobacter jejuni?

A

42 degrees C

28
Q

Which cholera vaccine is for travelers?

A

Vaxchora

V for vacation

29
Q

What are the 4 cholera vaccineS?

A

Dukoral

Shanchol

Vaxchora

Euvichol

30
Q

How do you treat O157:H7 ?

A

Vigilant oral rehydration

Extreme caution with antibiotics to avoid HUS

31
Q

What bacteria causes cholera?

A

Vibrio cholerae

32
Q

What time of year is the most dangerous to eat oysters becasue you’re at risk for vibrio vulnificus?

A

Warmer months

33
Q

What is the reservoir of h.pylori?

A

Humans

34
Q

What is the predominant form of enterohemorrhagic E. coli?

A

O157:H7, but there are several other strains that have been designated as shiga-toxin producing (STEC) that may also induce HUS

35
Q

How can you tell O157:H7 E. coli apart from the E. coli that is your normal flora?

A

Grow it on MacConkey’s Sorbitol agar

O157 can NOT ferment sorbitol, so it’s colonies will appear white, and regular E. coli will be bright red/pink

36
Q

What is a serious complication that can occur as a result of h pylori infection?

A

Stomach cancer

37
Q

Why do you need to tell the lab that you suspect a case of O157:H7 when you are sending them a specimen?

A

Because using macconkeys sorbitol agar is not automatic.

38
Q

What disease:

“Washerwoman hands”

A

Cholera- due to massive dehydration

39
Q

Who is most likely to get vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

People who eat fish that was improperly refrigerated

People in Japan

More common in warmer months

40
Q

Can O157:H7 spread from person to person?

A

Yes, since it is such a low-dose pathogen

It’s not just raw hamburgers!

41
Q

What new strain of E. coli is traced to alfalfa sprouts, and causes HUS with a high fatality rate?

A

O104:H4

42
Q

How do you usually end up with vibrio vulnificus?

A

Oysters

43
Q

What is the toxin expressed by enterohemorrhagic E. coli?

A

Shiga-like toxin (SLT)

44
Q

Is it easy to treat h pylori?

A

No, because patient might just get reinfected by his family/contacts
👨‍👩‍👦‍👦

45
Q

Will colonization by vibrio cholerae affect the integrity of your intestinal cells?

A

No, they can still absorb just fine

46
Q

Does O157:H7 require a high or low dose to make you sick?

A

Very low dose

47
Q

What are the 3 ways vibrio vulnificus can get you sick?

A
  1. Wound infection- open wound touching oyster/seawater
  2. Sepsis- raw oysters + liver dysfunction/alcoholism
  3. Acute self-limiting diarrhea - raw oysters
48
Q

How long after consuming cholera-laden water will you have symptoms?

A

1-5 days

49
Q

What kind of food is campylobacter jejuni associatedwith?

A

Poultry products

🍗🐣🐓🦃

50
Q

Is the infectious dose of cholera high or low?

A

High

51
Q

Is cholera easily spread from person to person?

A

No

52
Q

What is the reservoir of campylobacter?

A

Intestinal tract of animals, usually birds

53
Q

How are cholera vaccines administered?

A

Orally

54
Q

Are there any cholera epidemics going on right now?

A

Haiti

Yemen

55
Q

What kind of symptoms will you have if you get Enterohemorrhagic E. coli?

A

Diarrhea that becomes BLOODY after 1-3 days with cramps and vomiting

Possible development of HUS, especially in elderly or very young

56
Q

What is the main feature of cholera?

A

Acute and massive watery diarrhea (1 liter/hour)

57
Q

What is the primary means of prevention of cholera?

A

Proper control of sewage

58
Q

what disease:

“Rice water stools”

A

Cholera

59
Q

What organism is associated with causing bullous lesions and shock in alcoholics?

A

Vibrio vulnificus

60
Q

Which organism is associated with causing Guillain barre?

A

Campylobacter

Micro Exam 1 (Lauren) (7 decks)

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