Viral Gastroenteritis Flashcards
What are the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis? (8)
- diarrhoea
- vomiting
- nausea
- anorexia
- abdominal cramping or pain
- fever
- myalgia
- headache
What is the definition of diarrhoea?
3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours
What is the definition of acute diarrhoea?
3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for less than 14 days
What is the definition of persistent diarrhoea?
3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for more than 14 days
What is the definition of chronic diarrhoea?
3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for more than 30 days
When does viral gastroenteritis peak?
peaks in winter
Who is most affected by viral gastroenteritis
children under 5
How is viral gastroenteritis diagnosed?
- electron microscopy
- latex agglutination
- lateral flow
- ELISA
- PCR
How is viral gastroenteritis managed?
- rehydration
- electrolyte replacement
- refeeding
- hand hygiene
- isolation
What is the genome of rotavirus?
dsRNA
What are the serotypes of rotavirus?
serotypes A, B, C
What family is rotavirus?
Reovirus
What is the transmission route of rotavirus? (3)
- faecal oral route
- also by resp route
- fomites
What cells are infected by rotavirus?
enterocytes in villous epithelium of jejunum and ileum leading to cell destruction
What type of diarrhoea does rotavirus infection cause?
- osmotic diarrhoea from movement of fluid into intestinal lumen
- secretory diarrhoea caused by enterotoxin
What is the incubation period of rotavirus?
48 hours
Who is most commonly infected with rotavirus?
children under 2
What are the symptoms of rotavirus infection? (5)
- diarrhoea
- vomiting
- fever
- dehydration
- +/- resp tract symptoms
How are rotavirus infections diagnosed? (4)
- lateral flow test
- PCR
- EM
- ELISA
How is rotavirus prevented? (4)
- hand hygiene
- environmental cleaning
- isolation/cohorting in hospital
- vaccination
What is the vaccination for rotavirus?
- oral vaccine
- attenuated
- given before 6 months
What family is norovirus part of?
calicivirus
What is the genome of norovirus?
+ssRNA
How many norovirus genogroups are there?
5 genogroups GI-V
multiple genotypes
What are the transmission routes of norovirus?
- faecal oral
- airborne droplets
- food, water
- contaminated environment/fomites
What is the incubation period of norovirus?
1-2 days
What is the infectious dose of norovirus?
18 virus particles
What is the pathogenesis of norovirus infection?
- blunting of villi in jejunum
What are the symptoms of norovirus? (6)
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal cramps
- myalgia
- diarrhoea
- +/- fever
Which serotypes of adenovirus cause gastroenteritis?
serotypes 40 and 41
What is the genome of adenovirus?
dsDNA
How is adenovirus diagnosed? (2)
- PCR
2. Lateral flow test
How is astrovirus diagnosed?
- PCR
- lateral flow test
- electron microscopy
- ELISA
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children?
rotavirus
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults?
norovirus
