Viral Gastroenteritis

Question 1

What are the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis? (8)

Answer 1

1. diarrhoea
2. vomiting
3. nausea
4. anorexia
5. abdominal cramping or pain
6. fever
7. myalgia
8. headache

Question 2

What is the definition of diarrhoea?

Answer 2

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours

Question 3

What is the definition of acute diarrhoea?

Answer 3

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for less than 14 days

Question 4

What is the definition of persistent diarrhoea?

Answer 4

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for more than 14 days

Question 5

What is the definition of chronic diarrhoea?

Answer 5

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for more than 30 days

Question 6

When does viral gastroenteritis peak?

Answer 6

peaks in winter

Question 7

Who is most affected by viral gastroenteritis

Answer 7

children under 5

Question 8

How is viral gastroenteritis diagnosed?

Answer 8

1. electron microscopy
2. latex agglutination
3. lateral flow
4. ELISA
5. PCR

Question 9

How is viral gastroenteritis managed?

Answer 9

1. rehydration
2. electrolyte replacement
3. refeeding
4. hand hygiene
5. isolation

Question 10

What is the genome of rotavirus?

Answer 10

dsRNA

Question 11

What are the serotypes of rotavirus?

Answer 11

serotypes A, B, C

Question 12

What family is rotavirus?

Answer 12

Reovirus

Question 13

What is the transmission route of rotavirus? (3)

Answer 13

1. faecal oral route
2. also by resp route
3. fomites

Question 14

What cells are infected by rotavirus?

Answer 14

enterocytes in villous epithelium of jejunum and ileum leading to cell destruction

Question 15

What type of diarrhoea does rotavirus infection cause?

Answer 15

1. osmotic diarrhoea from movement of fluid into intestinal lumen
2. secretory diarrhoea caused by enterotoxin

Question 16

What is the incubation period of rotavirus?

Answer 16

48 hours

Question 17

Who is most commonly infected with rotavirus?

Answer 17

children under 2

Question 18

What are the symptoms of rotavirus infection? (5)

Answer 18

1. diarrhoea
2. vomiting
3. fever
4. dehydration
5. +/- resp tract symptoms

Question 19

How are rotavirus infections diagnosed? (4)

Answer 19

1. lateral flow test
2. PCR
3. EM
4. ELISA

Question 20

How is rotavirus prevented? (4)

Answer 20

1. hand hygiene
2. environmental cleaning
3. isolation/cohorting in hospital
4. vaccination

Question 21

What is the vaccination for rotavirus?

Answer 21

1. oral vaccine
2. attenuated
3. given before 6 months

Question 22

What family is norovirus part of?

Answer 22

calicivirus

Question 23

What is the genome of norovirus?

Answer 23

+ssRNA

Question 24

How many norovirus genogroups are there?

Answer 24

5 genogroups GI-V

multiple genotypes

Question 25

What are the transmission routes of norovirus?

Answer 25

1. faecal oral
2. airborne droplets
3. food, water
4. contaminated environment/fomites

Question 26

What is the incubation period of norovirus?

Answer 26

1-2 days

Question 27

What is the infectious dose of norovirus?

Answer 27

18 virus particles

Question 28

What is the pathogenesis of norovirus infection?

Answer 28

1. blunting of villi in jejunum

Question 29

What are the symptoms of norovirus? (6)

Answer 29

1. nausea
2. vomiting
3. abdominal cramps
4. myalgia
5. diarrhoea
6. +/- fever

Question 30

Which serotypes of adenovirus cause gastroenteritis?

Answer 30

serotypes 40 and 41

Question 31

What is the genome of adenovirus?

Answer 31

dsDNA

Question 32

How is adenovirus diagnosed? (2)

Answer 32

1. PCR

2. Lateral flow test

Question 33

How is astrovirus diagnosed?

Answer 33

1. PCR
2. lateral flow test
3. electron microscopy
4. ELISA

Question 34

What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children?

Answer 34

rotavirus

Question 35

What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults?

Answer 35

norovirus