Viral Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis? (8)

A
  1. diarrhoea
  2. vomiting
  3. nausea
  4. anorexia
  5. abdominal cramping or pain
  6. fever
  7. myalgia
  8. headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of diarrhoea?

A

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of acute diarrhoea?

A

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for less than 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of persistent diarrhoea?

A

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for more than 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of chronic diarrhoea?

A

3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stool in 24 hours for more than 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does viral gastroenteritis peak?

A

peaks in winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who is most affected by viral gastroenteritis

A

children under 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is viral gastroenteritis diagnosed?

A
  1. electron microscopy
  2. latex agglutination
  3. lateral flow
  4. ELISA
  5. PCR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is viral gastroenteritis managed?

A
  1. rehydration
  2. electrolyte replacement
  3. refeeding
  4. hand hygiene
  5. isolation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the genome of rotavirus?

A

dsRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the serotypes of rotavirus?

A

serotypes A, B, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What family is rotavirus?

A

Reovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the transmission route of rotavirus? (3)

A
  1. faecal oral route
  2. also by resp route
  3. fomites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cells are infected by rotavirus?

A

enterocytes in villous epithelium of jejunum and ileum leading to cell destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of diarrhoea does rotavirus infection cause?

A
  1. osmotic diarrhoea from movement of fluid into intestinal lumen
  2. secretory diarrhoea caused by enterotoxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the incubation period of rotavirus?

17
Q

Who is most commonly infected with rotavirus?

A

children under 2

18
Q

What are the symptoms of rotavirus infection? (5)

A
  1. diarrhoea
  2. vomiting
  3. fever
  4. dehydration
  5. +/- resp tract symptoms
19
Q

How are rotavirus infections diagnosed? (4)

A
  1. lateral flow test
  2. PCR
  3. EM
  4. ELISA
20
Q

How is rotavirus prevented? (4)

A
  1. hand hygiene
  2. environmental cleaning
  3. isolation/cohorting in hospital
  4. vaccination
21
Q

What is the vaccination for rotavirus?

A
  1. oral vaccine
  2. attenuated
  3. given before 6 months
22
Q

What family is norovirus part of?

A

calicivirus

23
Q

What is the genome of norovirus?

24
Q

How many norovirus genogroups are there?

A

5 genogroups GI-V

multiple genotypes

25
What are the transmission routes of norovirus?
1. faecal oral 2. airborne droplets 3. food, water 4. contaminated environment/fomites
26
What is the incubation period of norovirus?
1-2 days
27
What is the infectious dose of norovirus?
18 virus particles
28
What is the pathogenesis of norovirus infection?
1. blunting of villi in jejunum
29
What are the symptoms of norovirus? (6)
1. nausea 2. vomiting 3. abdominal cramps 4. myalgia 5. diarrhoea 6. +/- fever
30
Which serotypes of adenovirus cause gastroenteritis?
serotypes 40 and 41
31
What is the genome of adenovirus?
dsDNA
32
How is adenovirus diagnosed? (2)
1. PCR | 2. Lateral flow test
33
How is astrovirus diagnosed?
1. PCR 2. lateral flow test 3. electron microscopy 4. ELISA
34
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children?
rotavirus
35
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults?
norovirus