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GI/GU Illness > Pathology of the mouth, oral cavity and oropharynx > Flashcards

Pathology of the mouth, oral cavity and oropharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What causes herpetic stomatitis?

A

HSV type 1 and HSV type 2

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of herpetic stomatitis?

A

lesions consisting of vesicles, bullae and shallow ulceration

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3
Q

What are the histological characteristics of herpetic stomatitis? (3)

A
  1. inter- and intra-cellular oedema
  2. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
  3. giant cells
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4
Q

What is reactivation of herpetic stomatitis triggered by? (5)

A
  1. trauma
  2. UV light
  3. menstruation
  4. pregnancy
  5. immunosuppression
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5
Q

What causes oral candidiasis?

A

candida albicans

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6
Q

What does oral candidiasis present as?

A

grey-white plaques on the oral mucosa consisting of fungus in a fibrinosuppurative exudate
can be scraped off

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7
Q

In whom is oral candidiasis seen? (4)

A
  1. neonates
  2. diabetes
  3. neutropaenia
  4. immunodeficiency
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8
Q

What is hairy leukoplakia caused by?

A

epstein barr virus

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9
Q

What does hairy leukoplakia present as?

A

white patches of fluffy hyperkeratosis on lateral tongue borders which cannot be scraped off

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10
Q

In whom is hairy leukoplakia seen?

A

immunocompromised patients

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11
Q

What is aphthous stomatitis associated with?

A

coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease

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12
Q

What does aphthous stomatitis present as?

A

small painful ulcers on oral mucosa

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13
Q

What do the ulcers in aphthous stomatitis look like?

A

shallow with grey, necrotic base and haemorrhagic rim

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14
Q

When does glossitis occur?

A

in nutrient deficiency states (iron and B vitamins)

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15
Q

What does glossitis present as?

A

beefy red tongue

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16
Q

What is glossitis caused by?

A

papillae atrophy with mucosal thinning

shiny and more apparent vasculature

17
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

clinical term for plaques which are not clinically or pathologically characterised as any other disease

18
Q

. . . cannot be removed by scraping

A

leukoplakia

19
Q

leukoplakis is associated with . . . ? (5)

A
  1. heavy cigarette smoking
  2. heavy alcohol consumption
  3. chewing tobacco
  4. poor dental hygiene
  5. poor fitting dentures
20
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

red, velvety, flat lesion that is thin with a loss of differentiation which is transparent to the underlying tissue

21
Q

In what age range does oral squamous cell carcinoma usually occur?

A

50-70 years

22
Q

Where is oral squamous cell carcinoma usually found?

A
  1. mouth floor
  2. lateral tongue
  3. tongue base
  4. soft palate
23
Q

why is lip cancer more common than intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma?

A

sunlight exposure

24
Q

What are the risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma? (5)

A
  1. Tobacco
  2. Alcohol
  3. HPV
  4. Betel nut and paan chewing
  5. Genetics
25
Q

What can the lesion be like in oral squamous cell carcinoma?

A

raised, firm, ulcerated or verrucous

26
Q

What is the treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma? (4)

A
  1. surgery - need clean margins
  2. lymph node removal
  3. radiation therapy
  4. chemotherapy
27
Q

What are the histological characteristics of ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma? (5)

A
  1. ragged groups, islands
  2. cohesive cells
  3. intracellular bridges
  4. abundant eosinophilic keratin in cytoplasm
  5. (+/-) keratin pearls
28
Q

What infectious diseases manifest orally? (3)

A
  1. scarlet fever
  2. measles
  3. infectious mononucleosis
29
Q

What immune diseases manifest orally? (2)

A
  1. aphthous ulceration in coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease
  2. Behcets disease
30
Q

What skin diseases manifest orally? (3)

A
  1. Lichen planus
  2. Blistering conditions
  3. Stevens-johnson syndrome
31
Q

What deficiencies manifest orally? (1)

A

glossitis from vit b and iron deficiency

32
Q

What iatrogenic diseases manifest orally? (2)

A
  1. mucositis

2. graft vs host disease

GI/GU Illness (15 decks)

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