Viral Exanthemas Flashcards
What does exanthem mean?
eruptive widespread rash.
How many viral exanthemas are there?
6
What are the 6 viral exanthemas?
First disease: Measles
Second disease: Scarlet Fever
Third disease: Rubella (AKA German Measles)
Fourth disease: Dukes’ Disease
Fifth disease: Parvovirus B19
Sixth disease: Roseola Infantum
What is the measles caused by?
Measles virus
What is the type of transmission of measles?
It is highly contagious via respiratory droplets
How long does it take for symptoms to start after exposure in measles?
10 – 12 days after exposure
What are the symptoms of measles?
- Fever
- Coryzal symptoms (The meaning of CORYZA is an acute inflammatory contagious disease involving the upper respiratory tract; )
- conjunctivitis
4.Koplik spots
5.Rash
Where are koplik spots located when having measles?
on the buccal mucosa
When do the koplik spots appear in measles?
2 days after the fever
What is unique about koplik spots?
They are pathognomonic for measles, meaning if a patient has Koplik spots, you can diagnose measles.
Where does therash typically start in measles?
The rash starts on the face, classically behind the ears, 3 – 5 days after the fever. It then spreads to the rest of the body
How does a measles rash typically present?
The rash is an erythematous, macular rash with flat lesions.
How long do measles take to self resolve?
7-10 days after symptoms
How long should children isolate for after measle symptoms resolve?
4 days
What percent of measle patients will develop complications?
30%
What are 8 complications involved with measles?
- Pneumonia
- Diarrhoea
- Dehydration
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Hearing loss
- Vision loss
- Death
Which of the viral exanthemas are notifiable diseases?
1) measles
2) Scarlet fever
3) rubella
What is the infective agent in Scarlet fever?
Group A Strep (Streptococcus pyogenes)
Describe the rash seen in Scarlet fever:
red-pink blotchy, macular rash with rough sandpaper skin that starts on the trunk and spreads outwards