Viral exanthema

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Exanthem = eruptive widespread rash

Question 2

Exanthem that start on the face

Answer 2

Measles
Rubella
Erythema infectiosum

Question 3

Measles

Answer 3

Caused by Paramyxovirus
- Maculopapular starts on the face, classically behind the ears 3-5 days after the fever.
- Koplik’s spot on the mucosal membranes of the mouth is diagnostic

Question 4

Rubella

Answer 4

• Milder infection associated with lymphadenopathy
• Milder erythematous macular rash compared with measles. Classically lasts 3 days
• Associated with mild fever, joint pain and sore throat.
• Dangerous for pregnant women due to risk of congenital problems

Question 5

Erythema infectionsum

Answer 5

• AKA 5th disease: slapped cheek syndrome caused by parovirus B19 virus
• Characteristic biphasic rash (rash begins on face then fades and then starts again on trunk)

Question 6

Exantham that start on the trunk

Answer 6

Roseola
Scarlet fever

Question 7

Roseola Infantum

Answer 7

• Caused by human herpesvirus (HSV) 6 or 7 and is characterised by small pink/red maculopapular rash that starts on trunk and then spreads to face (very little) which lasts for 1-2 days
• Main complications = febrile convulsions due to high temperature

Question 8

Scarlet fever

Answer 8

• Caused by streptococcus pyogenes and is a fine red papular rash (feels like sandpaper)
• Starts on the trunk and spreads outwards.

Question 9

Exanthem that start on the extremities

Answer 9

• Papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome
• Hand, foot and mouth disease

Question 10

Papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome

Answer 10

Parovirus B19 and rare
- Symmetrical erythema and oedema of hands and feet that progress to petechial and purpuric macules, papules, and patches that are followed by fine desquamation

Question 11

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 11

Coxsackie A16, A10 and the echovirus
Characteristic features
- painful ulcers in oral cavity that spread
- erythematous macules or papules
- VERY CONTAGIOUS

Question 12

Duke’s disease

Answer 12

It is very common for children to get non-specific “viral rashes”. It is likely that “fourth disease” was used to describe these non-specific viral rashes that are now understood to be caused by many potential viruses.

Question 13

Papulovesicular exanthems

Answer 13

Chickenpox
Gianotti- Crosti syndrome

Question 14

Chickenpox

Answer 14

VZV = red flat maculs which become raised then blister and crust
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS and risky to pregnant women

Question 15

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

Answer 15

Caused by EBV and causes discrete, non-pruritic, red-purple papules with occasional papulovesicles that spreads to face, buttock and extremities (spares the trunk area)