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Z Dermatology Clin Med > Viral Disorders of skin > Flashcards

Viral Disorders of skin Flashcards

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1
Q

Other names for Erythema Infectiosum?

A

-5ths disease -Slapped-cheek disease

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2
Q

Viral cause of Erythema Infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B19

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3
Q

Predisposing conditions for Erythema infectiosum?

A

-Exposure -Late winter/early spring -Community outbreak

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4
Q

Treatment for Erythema infectiosum?

A

Supportive (NOT contagious once rash appears)

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5
Q

How long does Erythema infectiosum usually last?

A

A few days to several weeks

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6
Q

Clinical features of Erythema infectiosum? (In order of appearance)

A

-Incubation period of 4-14 days -Prodrome -burning, hot “slapped-cheek” -generalized reticular rash -may be asymptomatic

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7
Q

Complications with Erythema infectiosum?

A

-Recurrance (triggers: sun, exercise, bathing, stress) -Miscarriage -Hydrops fatalis in pregnancy

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8
Q

Definition of Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease?

A

short-lived, contagious viral infection

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9
Q

Viral cause of Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease?

A

-Coxsackie A 16 Virus -Enterovirus 71

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10
Q

Predisposing conditions of Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease?

A

-Late summer/early fall -Children <5 -Household Contacts

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11
Q

Clinical features of Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease? (in order of appearance)

A

-4-6 day incubation period -small vesicles form in mouth -square, yellow vesicles appear on hands, feet, and buttocks -vesicles –> bullae –> erosions

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12
Q

How long does Hand, Foot, & Mouth disease usually last?

A

7-10 days without complications

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13
Q

Treatment for Hand, Foot, & Mouth disease?

A

Symptomatic

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14
Q

Complications with Hand, Foot, & Mouth disease?

A

-Rare -Miscarriage -Fetal growth retardation

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15
Q

Definition of Herpes Simplex Virus?

A

Acute viral infection involving skin and mucous membranes

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16
Q

Viral cause of Herpes Simplex?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 & 2

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17
Q

Predisposing conditions for Herpes Simplex?

A

-Direct contact -Droplet infection -Open skin

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18
Q

Clinical features for primary infection of Herpes simplex?

A

-Acute development of grouped macules –> painful vesicles –> eroding to crusts -possible prodrome -lymphadenopathy -lies dormant in dorsal root ganglia -many are asymptomatic

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19
Q

Clinical features for secondary infection of Herpes simplex?

A

-Reactivation of virus -Travels thru peripheral nerves -Predisposed via menses, fatigue, stress, trauma, sunlight -Fewer vesicles; localized -Rarely associated w/ constitutional symptoms

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20
Q

Where is Herpes simplex - primary infection - mostly manifested?

A

Facial/oral

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21
Q

Where is Herpes simplex - secondary infection - mostly manifested?

A

Genitalia

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22
Q

Treatment for Herpes simplex?

A

-Symptomatic -Topical/PO antivirals

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23
Q

Complications with Herpes simplex?

A

-Disseminated herpes simplex -herpetic whitlow -erythema multiforme

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24
Q

How to diagnose Herpes simplex?

A

-Clinical presentation -PCR -Tzanck smear -Serum assay

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25
Q

Definition of Varicella?

A

highly contagious viral infection resulting in lifelong immunity

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26
Q

Viral cause of Varicella?

A

Varicella zoster virus (Herpes virus 3)

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27
Q

Predisposing conditions to Varicella?

A
  • Exposure
  • Immunosuppression
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28
Q

Clinical features of Varicella?

A
  • 10-23 day incubation period
  • HIGH contagiousness level
  • Prodrome for 1-2 days
  • Crops of pruritic macules –> teardrop vesicles –> crust over w/in 6-8 hours
  • Surrounding erythema
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29
Q

Treatment for Varicella?

A
  • symptomatic in uncomplicated cases
  • antiviral agents if indicated
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30
Q

Distinguishing phrase for Varicella?

A

‘Dew drop on a rose petal’

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31
Q

Complications of Varicella?

A
  • Hemorrhagic varicella
  • Secondary infection
  • Encephalitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Myocarditis
  • Hepatitis
  • Can spread in utero during pregancy
  • 30% mortality to newborns
32
Q

Definition of Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?

A

acute, unilateral, localized infection usually involving a single dermatome

33
Q

Viral cause of Herpes zoster?

A

Reactivation of varicella zoster virus

34
Q

Predisposing conditions for Herpes Zoster?

A
  • Immunosuppression
  • Localized trauma
  • increased age (>70)
  • lymphoma/malignancy
  • radiation/chemotherapy
  • steroids
  • stress
35
Q

Clinical features of Herpes Zoster?

A
  • 3-5 days of localized symptoms (PAINFUL)
  • Red macule –> papular –> vesicular
  • Surrounded by erythema
  • Vesicles group over 2-3 weeks, become pustular, scab over
  • Scabs fall off, leave white scar
  • Fever, chills, etc. may precede eruption
36
Q

Treatment for Herpes Zoster?

A
  • PO Antiviral
  • Gabapentin (nerve pain modulator)
  • rest
  • topical analgesics
  • steroids
  • sympathetic blocks
37
Q

Complications with Herpes Zoster?

A
  • post-herpetic neuralgia
  • disseminated herpes zoster
  • Ramsey-Hunt’s syndrome
  • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (can lead to blindness)
  • Bell’s palsy
  • cerebellitis
38
Q

Prevention for Herpes Zoster?

A

Vaccine (must be >60 years)

39
Q

Prevention for Varicella?

A

Childhood immunization (>12 mo.)

40
Q

Definition of Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

self-limiting mucocutaneous viral infection

41
Q

Viral cause of Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Poxvirus

42
Q

Predisposing conditions to Molluscum Contagiosum?

A
  • Swimming pools
  • children
  • communal bathing
  • atopic dermatitis
  • close contact
  • autoinoculation
43
Q

Clinical features of Molluscum Contagiosum?

A
  • Asymptomatic skin-colored papule
    • dome-shaped w/ central punctum
44
Q

Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum?

A
  • Supportive
  • topical tretinoin
  • Aldara (immune modulator)
  • Cantharidin (erodes area)
  • liquid N2
  • surgical/destructive tx
45
Q

Complications of Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Rare, but occasional scarring

46
Q

Definition of Measles (Rubeola)?

A

highly contagious childhood viral infection; spreads from neck down

47
Q

Viral cause of Measles?

A

Paramyxovirus group

48
Q

Predisposing conditions of Measles?

A
  • densely populated/socioeconomically depressed areas
  • winter/spring
49
Q

Clinical features of Measles?

A
  • 10-15 day incubation period
  • Prodrome of 3 C’s
    • cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
  • “Koplik spots” - blue/white on buccal mucosa during prodrome
  • red macules/papules on 4th day - face/neck/ears
  • become papules, spread to trunk & limbs w/in 3-4 days
  • lesions coalesce, clear in 3 days
  • leaves brown stain behind
50
Q

Treatment for Measles?

A
  • Symptomatic
  • Antibiotics if secondary infection develops
51
Q

Complications for Measles?

A
  • secondary bacterial infection
  • post-infectious encephalitis
  • myocarditis
  • viral pneumonitis
  • OM
  • GI problems
  • glomerulonephritis
52
Q

Prevention of Measles?

A

Live-attenuated vaccine

53
Q

Definition of Rubella?

A

common viral infection affecting skin, lymph nodes, and joints

54
Q

Viral cause of Rubella?

A

Togavirus

55
Q

Predisposing conditions for Rubella?

A
  • alck of proper immunizations
  • springtime
56
Q

Clinical features of Rubella?

A
  • Incubation period 14-21 days
  • Prodrome follows
  • Small, pink macules coincide with prodrome
    • begins on face/scalp, spreads down
  • Macules become papular, then desquamate
  • Papules fade w/in 3 days
  • Red petechiae may occur on soft palate
57
Q

Treatment for Rubella?

A

Symptomatic

58
Q

Complications of Rubella?

A

Threat to unborn child

59
Q

Prevention of Rubella?

A

MMR vaccination

60
Q

Other terms for Rubella?

A
  • German measles
  • “3 Day Measles”
61
Q

Other terms for Roseola Infantum?

A
  • Childhood exanthem
  • Exanthem subitum
  • 6th Disease
62
Q

Viral cause of Roseola Infantum?

A

-Human Herpes Virus (HHV) 6 or 7

63
Q

Predisposing conditions to Roseola Infantum?

A
  • exposure
  • 6-24 month-olds, otherwise healthy
64
Q

Clinical features of Roseola Infantum?

A
  • incubation of 5-15 days
  • high fever each night, no day fever
  • followed by pink maculopapular rash 3-4 days later
    • usually trunk & neck
  • otherwise asymptomatic
  • febrile seizures common
65
Q

Treatment of Roseola Infantum?

A

Symptomatic

66
Q

Definition of Warts?

A

Common viral infections of skin and mucous membranes

67
Q

Viral cause of warts?

A

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

68
Q

Predisposing conditions of warts?

A
  • Localized trauma
  • immunosuppression
  • communal bathing
69
Q

4 different types of warts?

A
  • Common
  • Plane (flat)
  • Plantar
  • Mosaic
70
Q

Characteristics of Common Wart?

A
  • Skin-colored/pink
  • Thrombosed capillaries (patches of black streaks)
  • Papules, smooth –> rough
  • Hands, anywhere
71
Q

Characteristics of Plane (Flat) warts?

A
  • Skin-colored, pink
  • Smooth plaque surface (shiny)
  • Face, hands, limbs
72
Q

Characteristics of Plantar warts?

A
  • Skin-colored
  • thrombosed capillaries
  • raised, rough, thick
  • feet - can be painful
73
Q

Characteristics of Mosaic warts?

A
  • skin-colored
  • thrombosed capillaries
  • rough plaque
  • soles, heels, palmar, periungual (skinfolds underneath nails)
74
Q

Treatment of warts?

A
  • spontaneous involution
  • physical (N2, duct tape)
  • chemical
  • immunotherapy
  • phototherapy
  • chemotherapy
75
Q

Complications of warts?

A
  • recurrence
  • spread to contacts/self-innoculation
  • extension to tx periphery
76
Q

Prevention of warts?

A
  • keep surfaces clean/dry
  • aqua socks/flip flops/slippers in common areas

Z Dermatology Clin Med (18 decks)

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