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Z Dermatology Clin Med > Dermatology - Classifications > Flashcards

Dermatology - Classifications Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Bulla

A

A superficial, well circumscribed raised fluid filled lesion greater than 0.5 cm in diameter ex. bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, dermititis herpetiformis

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2
Q

burrow

A

a subcutaneous linear track made by a parasite ex. scabies

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3
Q

crust

A

a slightly raised lesion with irregular border and variable color resulting from dried blood, serum, or other exudate ex. scab from an abrasion, impetigo

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4
Q

ecchymosis

A

a flat non blanching red-purple-blue lesion that results from extravasation of RBCs into the skin. Non-palpable >5 mm ex. trauma, long term steroid use

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5
Q

erosion

A
  • Loss of superficial layers of upper epidermis by wearing away from friction or pressure
  • Heals without scarring
  • Red, oozes
    ex. rupture of herpes simplex blister
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6
Q

excoriation

A

Skin abrasions, usually superficial, due to scratching of the skin ex. scratching assoc with pruritis

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7
Q

fissures

A

Sharply-defined, linear or wedge-shaped tears in the epidermis with abrupt walls
ex. cracks seen in athlete’s foot

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8
Q

keloid

A

irregular raised lesion resulting from hypertrophied scar tissue ex. seen with burns, African Americans are more prone

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9
Q

lichenification

A

a thickening of the skin with an increase in skin markings resulting from chronic irritation and rubbing ex. atopic dematitis

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10
Q

macule

A

a circumscribed nonpalpable discoloration of the skin less than 1 cm in diameter ex. freckles, rubella, petechiae

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11
Q

Nodule

A

A palpable, solid lesion, > 1 cm in diameter. Usually found in dermal or subcutaneous tissue; may be above, level with, or below the skin surface ex. erythema nodosum, gouty tophi

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12
Q

papule

A

a solid elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter

ex. acne, warts, insect bites

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13
Q

patch

A

A circumscribed area of discoloration, > 1 cm, without elevation or depression
ex. vitiligo

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14
Q

petechiae

A

a flat non blanching red-purple-blue lesion that results from extravasation of RBCs into the skin.
Non-palpable <3 mm
ex. DIC, ITP, SLE, meningococcemia

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15
Q

Plaque

A

A well-circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion, > 1 cm in diameter. May be formed from confluent papules
ex. psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, actinic keratosis

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16
Q

purpura

A
  1. Non-blanching, violaceous (red/purple) discoloration of the skin
  2. Due to blood that has extravasated outside of vessel walls
  3. palpable or non-palpable
    ex. henoch-schonlein purpura, TTP</p>
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17
Q

pustule

A 
A small (< 1 cm in diameter), circumscribed superficial elevation of the skin that is filled with purulent material.  Can also be described as filled with pus
ex. acne, impetigo
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18
Q

scales

A

Visible shedding of the stratum corneum (epidermal layer)

ex. psoriasis, dandruff

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19
Q

scar

A

Final stage of healing which involved the deeper dermis

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20
Q

telangiectasia

A

dilation of capillaries resulting in red, irregular, clustered lines that blanch.
Ex. scleroderma, osler-weber-rendu disease, cirrhosis

21
Q

tumor

A

a solid palpable circumscribed lesion greater than 2 cm in diameter
ex. lipoma

22
Q

ulcer

A

Localized defect of irregular size and shape, loss of epidermis and some dermis; scars
ex. decubitis ulcers, primary lesion of syphilis, venous stasis ulcer

23
Q

Vesicle

A

A small, superficial, circumscribed elevation of the skin, < 0.5 cm, contains serous fluid
ex. herpes simplex, varicella

24
Q

Wheal

A

Transient, circumscribed, elevated papules or plaques, often with erythematous borders and pale centers
ex. uticaria, allergic reaction to injections or insect bites

25
Q

Discrete

A

Each lesion is easily separated from others

26
Q

Confluent

A

Edges of the lesions blend into one another

27
Q

Isolated

A

just one lesion in the area

28
Q

Scattered

A

Lesions are discrete, multiple and distributed in no discernible pattern

29
Q

Grouped

A

Lesions appear close together with normal skin between groups

30
Q

Dermatomal

A

Distributed in one spinal nerve or spinal nerve equivalent branch

31
Q

Annular

A

ring like shape

32
Q

polycyclic

A

shape made up of tangential rings

33
Q

Arcuate

A

arc shaped

34
Q

Serpiginous

A

Shape like a snake

35
Q

Iris/Target

A

Shaped like a bulls eye

36
Q

Reticulate

A

Net like pattern

37
Q

Glaborus

A

Shiny and smooth surface; bald

38
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning or depression of skin due to reduction of underlying tissue

39
Q

Sclerosis

A

Hardening or induration of the skin caused by an increase in collagen, other connective tissue components (mucin), edema, cellular infiltration

40
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of skin tissue

41
Q

Comedone

A

Darkened plug of sebum and keratin; occludes pilosebaceous follicles

Open: blackhead

Closed: whitehead

42
Q

Cyst

A

Encapsulated, raised lesion filled with solid or liquid material; often fluctuant

43
Q

Elliptical excision technique

A

Anesthetize area after marking; excise in elliptical shape with length 3x longer than width; undermine edges for easier suture closure without puckers

44
Q

Shave biopsy/excision technique

A

Anesthetize the area making a wheal surrounding the lesion; excise in a scooping manner to get underlying dermis/SC, ensuring entire lesion is excised

45
Q

Punch biopsy

A

anesthetize the area; place punch 90 degrees from skin and rotate with downward pressure until SC is reached; lift gently and cut bottom

46
Q

KOH

A

Scrape the edge of scaly lesion onto glass slide; add 1-2 drops of KOH onto slide; +/- heat for few seconds; look for spores/hyphae/budding yeast to confirm fungal infection

47
Q

Tzanck smear

A

Unroof an intact vesicle at the base and collect fluid onto slide or swab. Multinucleated giant cells confirm herpes/varicella infection

48
Q

Diascopy/Dermoscopy

A

Dermatoscope to skin to note algorithmic patterns when magnified to identify suspicious lesions

49
Q

Wood’s light

A 
Shine light onto skin areas to confirm; 
Coral/pink-erythrasma
Pale blue-Pseudomonas
Yellow/green-Microsporum
Green/gold-tinea versicolor
White-vitiligo

Z Dermatology Clin Med (18 decks)

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