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z dermatology clin med > Bacterial Disorders of skin > Flashcards

Bacterial Disorders of skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Cellulitis Definition

A

acute inflammation of dermis and subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

Cellulitis Etiology

A

β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS - pyogenes) (2/3)
Staphylococcus aureus (1/3)
Pseudomonas sp.
Haemophilus influenza

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3
Q

Cellulitis Predisposing Conditions

A 
DM (diabetes mellitus)
IV drug use
cirrhosis
renal failure
tinea pedis
immunosuppression
surgical wounds
chronic edema
bite
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4
Q

Cellulitis Clinical features

A

unilateral
erythematous, warm, tender patch/plaque with irregular, ill-defined margins
fever, malaise, anorexia, chills, lymphadenopathy, systemic toxicity, lower extremity common

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5
Q

Cellulitis Diagnosis

A

clinical presentation
cultures
occasional biopsy

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6
Q

Cellulitis Differential diagnosis

A

stasis/contact dermatitis
superficial thrombophlebitis
deep venous clot

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7
Q

Cellulitis Treatment

A

PO antibiotics
elevation
supportive measures
occasionally IV antibiotics (+/- I&D)

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8
Q

Cellulitis Complications

A 
sepsis
gangrene
lymphangitis
recurrence
chronic edema
endocarditis
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9
Q

Cellulitis Prevention

A

support stocking
proper skin hygiene
early tinea pedis treatment

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10
Q

Erysipelas Clinical features

A 
"acute illness" phase
Unilateral
erythematous
raised
indurated
tender
warm
peau d' orange appearance 
sharp, elevated margins with predisposition for face, scalp, legs, abdomen
lymphangitis common
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11
Q

Erysipelas Complications

A

sepsis; desquamation
chronic edema
lymphatic damage

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12
Q

Erysipelas Definition

A

acute superficial infection of the dermis (superficial subset of cellulitis)

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13
Q

Erysipelas Diagnosis

A

clinical appearance
cultures
neutrophilic leukocytosis

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14
Q

Erysipelas Differential diagnosis

A

contact dermatitis
thrombophlebitis
drug reaction
erythema migrans

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15
Q

Erysipelas Etiology

A

group A B-hemolytic streptococcus (pyogenes)

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16
Q

Erysipelas Predisposing conditions

A 
malnutrition
EtOH
IV drug use
stasis dermatitis
lymphedema
DM
17
Q

Erysipelas Treatment

A

aggressive antibiotics
supportive/symptomatic
treat other skin conditions (+/- I&D)

18
Q

Impetigo Clinical features

A

initial vesicle/pustule - ruptures and dries forming –honey-colored” crust with characteristic stuck on appearance
clustered or polycystic
occur anywhere
various stages seen

19
Q

Impetigo Complications

A

post-strep glomerulonephritis
secondary infection
guttate psoriasis (rheumatic fever?)

20
Q

Impetigo Definition

A

an acute, very contagious, superficial bacterial skin infection

21
Q

Impetigo Diagnosis

A

appearance

cultures

22
Q

Impetigo Differential diagnosis

A

varicella
herpes simplex
tinea corporis

23
Q

Impetigo Etiology

A

Staphylococcus aureus&raquo_space; B-hemolytic streptococcus

24
Q

Impetigo Predisposing conditions

A 
preexisting skin disease/minor breaks
insect bites
head lice
trauma/burns
poor hygiene
staphylococcal colonization
incisional sites
warm/moist climates
25
Q

Impetigo Prevention

A

adequate hygiene

26
Q

Impetigo Treatment

A

local - topical cream/ointment; vinegar wet dressings
widespread - PO antibiotics
recurrent - swab/treat for colonization

27
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome CDC definition

A 
fever
diffuse rash
mucus membrane hyperemia
hypotension
at least 3 organ systems involved (see Habif; Box 10.2; p. 310)
28
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Clinical features

A 
RAPID ONSET acute fever > 102 F
hypotension
myalgias
rash + mucous membranes
organ failure
desquamation
29
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Complications

A

death

30
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Definition

A

acute toxin-mediated illness (menstrual & non-menstrual)

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

31
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Diagnosis

A 
clinical findings
blood culture
gram stain
biopsy
CDC criteria
32
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Differential diagnosis

A 
Scarlet fever
pelvic infection
septic abortion
rubeola
rheumatic fever
33
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Etiology

A

S. aureus (tampon use)

Strep pyogenes strains can also be toxin-producing

34
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Predisposing conditions

A 
tampon use
wounds
cellulitis
other infection
foreign body (FB)
35
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Treatment

A

remove FB
early empiric IV antibiotics
supportive care
ICU

36
Q

Cellulitis Distribution

A

Lower extremity most common location

z dermatology clin med (18 decks)

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